Vermeulen, Gert

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Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Prof. Dr. Gert Vermeulent.  +32 9 264 69 43f.  +32 9 264 84 94Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be The European Publ ic Prosecutor ’s Off ice (EPPO) and conf l icts of jur isdict ion in the EUConference ‘International Cooperation in Criminal Matters: Connecting the EU and South America’ | Federal Prosecution Service, Office of the Prosecutor General of the Republic | Rio de Janeiro | 4 September 2014research publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   project 2001/GRP/025 - ‘Finding the best place for prosecution’• viewed as essential by DG JLS• for Eurojust work in coordinating prosecutions• in deepening the thinking about forum choice EP• input for November 2003 Eurojust seminar ‘Deciding where to prosecute’• served as inspiration for Eurojust guidelines for deciding which jurisdiction should prosecute, as embedded in the annex of the Eurojust 2003 annual report, promoting a matrix-based comparison and weighting of factors• guidelines which the Council has highlighted again as a source of inspiration in the context of application of the November 2009 FD on conflicts of jurisdictionfurther projects for EC relating to witness protection, preparation of ECRIS, EULOCS, etcfuture of judicial cooperation study for EC (EU master plan)Research background on the issue24 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   formerly: CoE issue• Convention 15 May 1972• Article 8: criteria allowing transfer of prosecution• Articles 30-34: inter-state consultation mechanismrediscovered by EU (principal unresolved issue EU criminal policy)• common issue Eurojust/EPPO• only poor results so far• failed enhancement of ne bis in idem• MR of decisions to prosecute?• relevant legal instruments• November 2009 FD on conflicts of jurisdiction (poor)• Draft directive on transfer of proceedings (failed)• Proposed regulation EPPO (pending)• Proposed regulation further enhanced Eurojust (pending)IRCP: proposals relating to jurisdiction to prescribe & enforce + beyondApproach34 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   Article 82(2)(b) TFEU• prevent and settle conflicts of jurisdictionto date: counterproductive efforts EU• regional universal jurisdiction in several instruments• Corpus Juris: European ‘territoriality’ not only for EPPO, but also for national courts (EPPO deciding)whereas (asap)• MS should limit scope extraterritorial jurisdiction• concept territoriality may not be interpreted too extensively(particularly counterproductive to provide EU territoriality)• rejection of extensive interpretation of territoriality andespecially of applying of the ‘effect’ theoryJurisdiction to prescribe44 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   criteria for choosing the forum? - not: hierarchical list‘proper’ administration of justice & reasonable enforcement of jurisdiction• no enforcement jurisdiction if ‘unreasonable’ (US example)• limitative list of potentially reasonable jurisdiction criteria• locus delicti (supra: not interpreted too extensively)• criteria 1972 CoE Convention & MR Programme• ordinary residence or nationality suspected person• where person is (planned to) undergo(ing) sanction• territory of concurrent proceedings against same suspect• location most important items of evidence• territory likely to improve prospects social rehabilitation• guarantee of presence suspect at court proceedings• territory allowing enforcement possible sentence• victim-related criteria• ordinary residence, nationality, origin victim, territory of damageJurisdiction to enforce54 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   future legal instrumentarium• interpretation ‘territoriality’ not too extended• ne bis in idem effect to• irrevocable settlements preventing further prosecution• MR of• decisions other MS to prosecute• with possibility Eurojust conflict ‘resolution’ or ‘mediation’• top-down for mandated EU-worthy cases (EULOCS-based)• bottom-up (as currently) in further cases• not necessarily single MS (international case management)• principle of ‘proper’ administration of justice• no unreasonable enforcement of jurisdiction• limitative list of potentially reasonable criteria• manifestly unreasonable if not in list‘Proper ’ administration of justice64 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   pre-trial stage• ‘praetorian’ development of pre-judicial jurisprudence (in establishingnegative criteria) by Eurojust• = prosecution guidelines (open to the public?)• possibility Eurojust to raise preliminary questions to ECJ on interpretation(‘unreasonable’)• sufficient basis in new EU legal instrumentarium to allow for interpretation• development jurisprudence ECJ on jurisdiction issues• non-binding but authoritativetrial stage: same possibility before national courts, including relating to Eurojustconflict ‘resolution’post-trial stage• ECHR (Article 6)?• ECJ (MS level)• ICJ The Hague (state-level): Lotus, Yerodia, …Judicial review74 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   relative importance only - beware of over-prioritizationdo feature among EU priority crimesnot always complex – not always involving more MSif not: preferably dealt with domesticallyif complex or involving more MS: EU-worthy, for which a ‘normal’ involvement (further reinforced) Eurojust will be sufficient• decisive powers coordination investigations & prosecutions• right of initiative investigations and prosecutions• resolution conflicts of jurisdiction• formal acts of judicial procedure remaining national• further extension national powers college members?• sufficient to counter traditional inertia MSEPPO | Material competence: PIF84 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   functioning• according to Article 86• investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgment• exercise functions of prosecutor in competent courts• unnecessary if truly strong Eurojust in EU-worthy cases• discussion college-based or pyramidal decision-making• merely ideological, now decided in negotiatons in favour of a college-based structure• problematic relationship with OLAF• more important challenges (infra)EPPO | Functioning94 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   further extension national powers college membersimmunity from prosecuction• res judicata effect, following positive opinion EurojustEurojust access to ECRIS• ne bis in idem etcbenchmarking through EULOCS• EU Level Offence Classification System• fully compatible with Eurojust mandated crimes and CMS• demarcation supranational mandate powers Eurojust?logical extension Eurojust’s new role to similar issues• best place for witness relocation• best place for sentence execution international tribunalsadoption legal framework cross-border investigative powers police andjudicial authorities of the MS (Article 89 TFEU; ex Article 32 TEU)• to be preferred over supranational investigative powersFurther challenges & proposals104 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Rioresearch publications consultancy conferenceswww.ircp.orgProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulen+32 9 264 69 43Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.be   Questions and discussion114 September 2014 | The European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdicton in the EU | Riowww.ircp.orgContactProf. Dr. Gert Vermeulent.  +32 9 264 69 43f.  +32 9 264 84 94Gert.Vermeulen@UGent.beIRCPGhent UniversityUniversiteitstraat 4B – 9000 Ghent

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdiction in the EU

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The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and conflicts of jurisdiction in the EU

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Ghent University Academic Bibliography