Ernst, Gerald

Jacobs, Patric

Kervyn de Meerendre, Matthieu

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 8, 03873, 2006SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU06-A-03873© European Geosciences Union 2006Scaled experiments on volcanic cone-and-craterassembly, geometry and growthM. Kervyn, P. Jacobs, G.G.J. ErnstMercator & Ortelius Research Center for Eruption Dynamics, Geology Dept, GhentUniversity, Belgium (Matthieu.KervynDeMeerendre@UGent.be)Volcanic cones are the most common volcanic constructs on Earth and are formed byexplosive eruptions displaying a wide range of intensity and styles including hawaiian,strombolian, sub-plinian, even plinian. The morphology of small volcanic cone-and-crater constructs has been characterized (Porter, 1972; Wood, 1980) and rationalizedusing simple “sand cone-and-crater” analogue models (Riedel et al. 2003). Yet vol-canic cones display a wide range of size and shape corresponding to a wide vari-ability in characteristic morphometric ratios. For the Mauna Kea volcanic cone field,the crater-to- cone-base diameter ratio (Wcr/Wco) ranges from 0.15 to 0.57 and isperceived to be a time-integrated record of contrasting and successive eruption con-ditions. There is potential of learning about eruption conditions from analyses of thecontrols on the variability of their morphology. New analogue experiments are herepresented. Sand, sugar and flour mixtures, in varying proportions, are used to con-struct cone piles, subsequently drained at their base, at the foot of the cone’s apex.The effect of particles’ cohesion on the cone height and crater diameter relative tothe cone base diameter is systematically investigated. The influence of a sloping sub-stratum on the crater and flank asymmetry is also investigated. The influences of aninitial spatter-dominated or that of a phreatomagmatic initial eruption phase are mod-elled using corresponding clay models for the initial topography at the start of conebuilding. The results of the experiments are compared with several field cases. Otherpotential key controls on volcanic cone morphometric ratios such as temporal varia-tion of eruption conditions and change in magma level in the conduit are proposedfrom a literature review and perspective for future experiments are presented.

Scaled experiments on volcanic-cone-and-crater-assembly, geometry and growth

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/347396/file/568134.pdf

Scaled experiments on volcanic-cone-and-crater-assembly, geometry and growth

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