Rules of medical law in the 21st century. Changes in medicine. Powers of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan to protect citizens' health. Medicine during the time of Amir Temur. Changes in medicine during the Timurid era. Doctors of the Timurid era. Hospital during the Timurid era

Qahramonjon qizi, Ahmadjonova Ra'noxon

Yunusaliyevna, Umarova Musharrafxon

English

JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH

   Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 3, No. 10, 2024 ISSN: 2181-4368   186   MEDICINE IN OUR HISTORY   Abstract: Rules of medical law in the 21st century. Changes in medicine. Powers of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan to protect citizens' health. Medicine during the time of Amir Temur. Changes in medicine during the Timurid era. Doctors of the Timurid era. Hospital during the Timurid era. Keywords: Powers of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the protection of citizens' health, Anchorage, Sohibqiron, Jurjanlik, Samarkand, Dori ush-shifa, Temur's tuzuklar, Amir Temur, hospital, diseases, Timurids, Somonites, Karakhanids. Information about theauthors Umarova Musharrafxon Yunusaliyevna FJSTI, Ijtimoiy fanlar kafedrasi assisenti Ahmadjonova Ra'noxon Qahramonjon qizi FJSTI, Tibbiy profilaktika ishi yo‘nalishi 124-guruh 1-bosqich talabasi   As we live in the 21st century, it is impossible to imagine life without medicine. As the population of the Earth increases, diseases continue to spread as well. Our ultimate goal is not just to cure diseases but to prevent them. In recent years, medical advancements in our Republic have brought the latest medical equipment to detect and prevent several illnesses early on. Comprehensive measures have been developed to deepen reforms in healthcare, improve the quality of medical services, establish medical institutions based on advanced foreign practices, enhance the skills of healthcare professionals, and support private medical organizations. A considerable emphasis has also been placed on preserving citizens' health, with several laws and regulations enacted. The main principles of public health preservation include:  Respect for human rights in healthcare.  Ensuring access to medical services for all population segments.  Prioritizing preventive measures.  Providing social protection for individuals who have lost their health.  Integrating medical science with practical healthcare. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan has several responsibilities concerning public health. These include:  Protecting human rights in healthcare;  Establishing the state policy on public health;  Approving and funding programs for the development of healthcare and medical science;  Managing the state healthcare system;  Overseeing sanitary and epidemiological well-being;    Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 3, No. 10, 2024 ISSN: 2181-4368   187  Taking measures to save lives and protect public health during emergencies and keeping citizens informed about these measures in affected zones;  Implementing a unified system for health statistics and reporting;  Approving basic medical insurance programs for citizens;  Granting privileges for medical assistance and medication provision to certain citizen groups. Modern medicine, though progressing rapidly, also has a deep historical foundation. Even during the time of Amir Timur, medicine held an important place. Amir Timur, a prominent statesman and skillful military leader in our history, made significant contributions to medicine. The medicine of the Timur and Timurid era differs from that of earlier periods like the Samanid and Karakhanid dynasties, which were marked by a century of devastation and stagnation. During the early 12th century, the Mongol-Tatar invaders razed cities and villages in Central Asia, destroying crops and cultural treasures, including hospitals, pharmacies, and libraries. Many physicians were either exiled or killed, leading to a significant decline in medical practice and an increase in diseases. This dark period lasted over a century. In the 1360s-1370s, the Timurid Empire emerged as a powerful, invincible state in Central Asia, founded by the great Amir Timur. He placed a high emphasis on peace and public health, as described in his work *Tuzuk-i-Timur* (Timur's Code): “I ordered that every town and village should build mosques, madrasas, and hospices, and establish shelters for the poor. Hospitals should be built for the sick, and physicians appointed to work there.” During Timur’s reign, each city had a hospital staffed by skilled and knowledgeable physicians. Notably, in Samarkand, there was a hospital called *Dar al-Shifa* led by the prominent physician of that time, Mir Sayyid Sharif Shirazi, who originally hailed from Jurjan and came to Samarkand at Timur’s invitation. Among the renowned physicians of Timur’s era were Hisamuddin Ibrahim Kirmani, Mawlana Fayzullah Tabrizi, and Mansur Ibn Muhammad, who provided medical care to the people. Timur’s personal physician was Tabrizi, who accompanied him on all campaigns. Medicine reached such a high level during Timur’s reign that physicians even practiced mummification. When the tombs of Amir Timur, Miranshah, Shahrukh, Mirza Ulughbek, Muhammad Sultan, and Bibi Khanum were opened in 1941 by a government commission, their bodies were found to be mummified. Amir Timur categorized societal groups into twelve classes, placing governors, physicians, astrologers, and engineers in the eighth group, which he referred to as the pillars of his empire. Speaking about physicians, Timur stated: “In consultation with physicians, I would have patients treated” (*Timur’s Code*). The primary duty of a physician is to relieve patients from pain and suffering caused by illness. Unfortunately, some doctors remain indifferent to the suffering of patients, treating them with harshness. Even during the time of the great thinker and poet Alisher Navoi, such doctors existed. Navoi likened unskilled physicians to executioners, saying, “An uneducated physician in medicine is like a disciple of the executioner. While the executioner kills with a blade, the physician tortures with poison. Indeed, the executioner is better because he kills the guilty, while the physician tortures the innocent.” Alisher Navoi made invaluable contributions to medicine in our history, establishing over 300 hospitals, pharmacies, medical schools, and social-welfare facilities. Only experienced physicians worked in hospitals, including one of the prominent figures, Nematullah Ibn Fakhruddin Mubarak Mubarakshah Kirmani, who served as the personal physician to Sultan Husayn Bayqara. In Eastern countries, especially in Central Asia, there were pharmacies in addition to those attached to hospitals, which prepared and provided medication based on prescriptions from physicians. Medicine in our country has a rich historical background. The modern development of medicine is supported by the favorable conditions created by our president, the trust placed in doctors, and the tireless efforts of healthcare professionals. As future doctors, we deeply feel this responsibility and, upholding our oath, must serve people sincerely, without selfish motives or expectation of reward!    Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 3, No. 10, 2024 ISSN: 2181-4368   188 References 1. Amir Temur "Temur tuzuklari"(G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi matbaa birlashmasi 1991.) 2. Marsel Brion "Menkim sohibqiron-jahongir Temur". — "Yangi asr avlodi" 2018. 378-384 betlar. 3. A.O‘rolov. O‘tmishdagi davolash va shifobaxsh muassasalar.— T..."Fan"nashriyoti,1990. 21-22betlar 4. O‘zbekiston Respubilkasining 2021 yil 21 apreldagi Qonuni taxririda – Qonunchilik malumotlari milliy bazasi. 21.04.2021yil. 5. Амир Темур "Тузуклари Темур" (издательство Гафура Гулама, 1991 г.)  6. Марсель Брион «Мой хозяин-мир Темур». — «Поколение нового века» 2018. Страницы 378-384.  7. А. Оролов. Лечебно-оздоровительные учреждения в прошлом.— Т...Издательство «Фан», 1990. Страницы 21-22 8. Изменения в Закон Республики Узбекистан от 21 апреля 2021 года – Национальная база законодательной информации. 21.04.2021. 9. Amir Temur "Tuzuklari Temur" (Gafur Ghulam publishing house, 1991)  10. Marcel Brion "My master-world Temur". — "Generation of the New Century" 2018. Pages 378-384. 11. A.Orolov. Treatment and healing institutions in the past.— T..."Fan" publishing house, 1990. Pages 21-22  12. Amendment of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 21, 2021 - National database of legislative information. 21.04.2021. 

MEDICINE IN OUR HISTORY

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MEDICINE IN OUR HISTORY

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