journal article text
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Authors
- Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin (18346572)
- Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi (18241444)
- Aaron J Cohen (8673585)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra (11096205)
- Abdulaal Chitheer (8673570)
- Abdulfatai Aremu (9536881)
- Abhishek Anil (17937800)
- Abid Ali (3123210)
- Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi (18267274)
- Adriana Dima (18346644)
- Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas (3755260)
- Afifa Anjum (8607210)
- Afisu Basiru (18346530)
- Ahmad Alrawashdeh (8672271)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid (8896541)
- Ahmed Y Azzam (12229460)
- Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi (11438932)
- Aidin Abedi (7184222)
- Ajay Nagesh Bhat (18015958)
- Akeza Awealom Asgedom (17105496)
- Akram M Asbeutah (19136476)
- Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula (7405757)
- Alanna Gomes da Silva (18802693)
- Alberico L Catapano (11553673)
- Alehegn Bekele (18015955)
- Alejandro Botero Carvajal (16510287)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque (12418500)
- Aleksandr Y Aravkin (9714434)
- Alexandru Corlateanu (5998100)
- Ali Ahmed (2567584)
- Alireza Ebrahimi (9729951)
- Almaza Albakri (18346443)
- Alok Atreya (11553646)
- Alyssa Columbus (18346608)
- Amadou Barrow (9291955)
- Amanpreet Brar (12136827)
- Amin Adibi (6859547)
- Amir Anoushiravani (18278710)
- Amir Askarinejad (19136479)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush (14501081)
- Amjad Ali (51075)
- Amol S Dhane (18802702)
- An Tian Chen (19913025)
- Anar Dushpanova (487211)
- Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor (12229430)
- Andargie Abate Awoke (19136482)
- Andre R Brunoni (5436581)
- Andre Rodrigues Duraes (9714668)
- Andrea Carugno (18346584)
- Andrey Nikolaevich Briko (8383143)
- Angelo Capodici (12095986)
- Anisuddin Ahmed (8822351)
- Annie J Browne (18802666)
- Anton A Artamonov (13268538)
- Antonella Agodi (638417)
- Anurag Agrawal (129354)
- Apostolos Beloukas (776128)
- Aqeel Ahmad (2267113)
- Archith Boloor (9715295)
- Arielle Wilder Bell (11553652)
- Arkadeep Dhali (18346635)
- Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic (18346674)
- Armita Abedi (18267223)
- Arthur Caye (6540401)
- Arvind Bagga (5158946)
- Ashel Chelsea Dsouza (18346662)
- Ashish D Badiye (9714518)
- Ashkan Afshin (773961)
- Ashokan Arumugam (10662373)
- Aso Mohammad Darwesh (8383326)
- Atanu Biswas (1547824)
- Atif Amin Baig (9715856)
- Auwal Abdullahi (8118929)
- Avinash Aujayeb (12229442)
- Awais Altaf (18267280)
- Ayman Ahmed (5859320)
- Azizullah Beran (13193510)
- Bashir Aden (10137630)
- Bassam Al-Fatly (9925608)
- Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla (8383119)
- Benedetta Armocida (10573602)
- Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali (9153914)
- Bernhard T Baune (6568502)
- Berrak Bora Basara (18346578)
- Bijit Biswas (17429862)
- Bilyaminu Abubakar (4261990)
- Biswajit Banik (11514471)
- Blessing Akombi-Inyang (11805526)
- Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa (18802624)
- Boris Bikbov (5875262)
- Brhane Berhe Aregawi (18456051)
- Bright Opoku Ahinkorah (7180922)
- Bruce B Duncan (8673681)
- Bryan Chong (14105661)
- Camila Bruneli do Prado (13607630)
- Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela (11553670)
- Carlos Ayestas Portugal (19136485)
- Catalina Liliana Andrei (8383104)
- Catherine Bisignano (9438671)
- Catherine M Antony (9714488)
- Catherine S Chen (18803182)
- Chalachew Kassaw Demoze (19136506)
- Chao Cao (310487)
- Charlie Ashbaugh (9714497)
- Chidiebere Peter Echieh (14532940)
- Ching Yu Cheng (13482748)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty (229107)
- Christopher Boxe (1278183)
- Christopher R Cederroth (9714602)
- Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes (14280288)
- Colin Angus (2266063)
- Colin Stewart Brown (18802663)
- Cristian Del Bo (19915872)
- Cristiana Abbafati (8673282)
- Dana Bryazka (9714581)
- Daniel Diaz (4677346)
- Daniela Calina (7624160)
- Danilo Buonsenso (803926)
- Danish Ahmad (4745373)
- David Edvardsson (7492748)
- Davood Anvari (5341238)
- Deanna Anderlini (5818101)
- Deborah Oyine Aluh (18346464)
- Deepa Dongarwar (10294838)
- Dejana Braithwaite (429789)
- Delaney D Ding (18346647)
- Deldar Morad Abdulah (9248627)
- Demelash Areda (18301717)
- Derrick A Bennett (8383629)
- Devasahayam J Christopher (8673576)
- Dhanalakshmi Angappan (18803350)
- Diana Dias da Silva (6814628)
- Dickson A Amugsi (9714479)
- Diego De Leo (8383164)
- Dinesh Bhandari (5978654)
- Dinh Toi Chu (19903044)
- Dragos Virgil Davitoiu (8673624)
- E Ray Dorsey (13580617)
- Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez (3366464)
- Eduardo Bernabe (4672720)
- Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyabolo (19136470)
- Eman Abu-Gharbieh (3933140)
- Emanuele D'Amico (9202091)
- Emina Dervišević (19136509)
- Enrico Ammirati (4846696)
- Erfan Bardideh (7857122)
- Eric Chung (18346599)
- Ernoiz Antriyandarti (9153929)
- Essona Matatom Akara (18803680)
- Ester Cerin (625593)
- Esther TW Cheng (18803188)
- Eyob Ketema Bogale (13849610)
- Fahad Mashhour Alanezi (9714458)
- Faith Agbozo (5622158)
- Fan Cao (1524541)
- Fares Alahdab (6197021)
- Fariba Dorostkar (9714662)
- Fatemeh Chichagi (18346593)
- Felix Carvalho (8383638)
- Fernando Pio De la Hoz (8673633)
- Ferrán Catalá-López (321247)
- Fiona B Bennitt (9714545)
- Firdos Ahmad (18346416)
- Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos (12150546)
- Francesco Barone-Adesi (355270)
- François Alla (446279)
- Gabrielle Britton (8383146)
- Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa (18346479)
- Garland T Culbreth (13818484)
- Geminn Louis Carace Apostol (19136473)
- Gerald Chi (4972759)
- Gianfranco Alicandro (9714461)
- Giovanni Addolorato (5805908)
- Giovanni Damiani (9153989)
- Girma Beressa Aboye (18346395)
- Giulia Carreras (8673522)
- Giulio Castelpietra (9714599)
- Gizachew Taddesse Akalu (12229409)
- Gregory A Roth (8674359)
- Gulrez Shah Azhar (11792141)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti (7245416)
- Habib Benzian (8133147)
- Haleh Ayatollahi (14107620)
- Hamed Borhany (18802657)
- Hana Jihad Jihad Abukhadijah (18578554)
- Haneil Larson Dsouza (13818499)
- Hansi Bansal (18346518)
- Hany Aly (18346470)
- Haowei Chen (4227163)
- Hardik Dineshbhai Desai (18301744)
- Hasan Abualruz (18346398)
- Hassan Abolhassani (2287858)
- Hassan Alwafi (7542569)
- Hermann Brenner (63649)
- Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi (8673366)
- Hiba Jawdat Barqawi (12150627)
- Hisham Atan Edinur (12150642)
- Hitesh Chopra (10741092)
- Hosea Boakye (12562781)
- Hosein Azizi (12072208)
- Hossein Akbarialiabad (15249974)
- Hubert Amu (3486533)
- Idowu Thomas Aruleba (18803701)
- Iman Ali (10692448)
- Insa Linnea Backhaus (19136488)
- Iolanda Cioffi (6116543)
- Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo (3177453)
- Isaac Sunday Chukwu (17255680)
- Isaac Yeboah Addo (13258252)
- Isabela M Bensenor (8673465)
- Ismael R Campos-Nonato (8673519)
- Ivan Delgado-Enciso (573753)
- Jaber S Alqahtani (8450898)
- Jack Cagney (19136494)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq (12029425)
- Jai K Das (9153992)
- Jalal Arabloo (7525406)
- Jason A Anderson (8673405)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti (7244309)
- Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan (7856972)
- Jennifer L Baker (10281221)
- Jessica A Cruz (9714629)
- Jessica Devin Bishai (18803167)
- Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres (9715895)
- Joao Conde (12150633)
- Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia (9714596)
- Johan Ärnlöv (232648)
- Joht Singh Chandan (6931679)
- Jordi Alonso (178939)
- Jose L Ayuso-Mateos (13818451)
- Joshua Chadwick (16841850)
- João Diogo Basso (18346533)
- Juan J Carrero (8673525)
- Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit (19136503)
- Juliana Bunmi Adetunji (18346407)
- Kalkidan Hassen Abate (3815371)
- Karem H Alzoubi (13026873)
- Karolina Akinosoglou (4163662)
- Katrin Burkart (3587624)
- Kavita Batra (18346536)
- Kelly M Cercy (8673537)
- Khairat Al-Habbal (17833735)
- Khalid A Altirkawi (9714470)
- Khalid F Alhabib (9121226)
- Khurshid Alam (704442)
- Kiran Bam (585054)
- Klara Georgieva Dokova (18803395)
- Kuldeep Dhama (3156801)
- Kurnia Dwi Artanti (11553640)
- Lachlan L Dalli (14127858)
- Leila Doshmangir (7402085)
- Lemma N Bulto (15398531)
- Leticia Akua Adzigbli (18578557)
- Leticia Avila-Burgos (610932)
- Liaqat Ali (641438)
- Lope H Barrero (8673450)
- Louisa Degenhardt (20846)
- Luai A Ahmed (17859856)
- Luca Cegolon (2557609)
- Lucas Guimarães Abreu (10440053)
- Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado (848752)
- Luciana Aparecida Campos (8786189)
- Lucio D'Anna (19136500)
- Luis Alberto Cámera (18278722)
- Luis Antonio Diaz (18802705)
- Luis Belo (13818460)
- Luisa C Brant (14462112)
- Madhan Balasubramanian (11287560)
- Madineh Akram Abbasi (18241432)
- Mahmoud A Alomari (12150939)
- Mahwish Arooj (15533010)
- Mainak Bardhan (18256495)
- Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal (11553697)
- Manpreet S Bhatti (18346560)
- Marcel Ausloos (748325)
- Maria Sofia Cattaruzza (13818475)
- Mario D'Oria (18346659)
- Marjan Ajami (10879903)
- Martina Barchitta (638414)
- Maryam Beiranvand (16791213)
- Masoud Dodangeh (18802708)
- Masous Aman Mohammadi (19136467)
- Meghnath Dhimal (595091)
- Meng Xuan Chen (10949780)
- Meriem Abdoun (18267217)
- Mesafint Molla Adane (8601891)
- Mesfin Abebe (12400154)
- Michael Assmus (9714500)
- Michael Benjamin Arndt (18803146)
- Michael Brauer (675317)
- Michael H Criqui (8673600)
- Michael J Diaz (18346641)
- Micheal Kofi Boachie (17255674)
- Michelle L Bell (8383131)
- Milad Bonakdar Hashemi (18346575)
- Mingling Chen (770397)
- Mitra Abbasifard (9715223)
- Mohamed Abouzid (10501696)
- Mohammad Abdollahi (22677)
- Mohammad Athar (156040)
- Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq (7581347)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bastan (19914246)
- Mohammad Sami Al-Wardat (18802615)
- Mohammad T AlBataineh (18267271)
- Mohammadreza Abbasian (15228878)
- Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif (17743112)
- Mohammed Usman Ali (12264675)
- Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan (9670038)
- Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari (9714440)
- Mohsen Bayati (641335)
- Mohsen Dashti (17293198)
- Monica Dinu (1401943)
- Mosab Arafat (5728844)
- Moses John Bockarie (9715868)
- Mubarek Yesse Ashemo (18346503)
- Muhammad Badar (8801423)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello (3684835)
- Muhammad Chutiyami (11953160)
- Muhammad Sohail Afzal (10920918)
- Muktar Beshir Ahmed (8673351)
- Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu (13634296)
- Muthia Cenderadewi (8882351)
- Márcia Carvalho (352081)
- Nadeem Shafique Butt (6166292)
- Najim Z Alshahrani (19136461)
- Nasser Bagheri (6896630)
- Natália Cruz-Martins (10792068)
- Nazmul Alam (637494)
- Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn (18802645)
- Neeraj Bhala (135075)
- Nelson Alvis-Guzman (8673399)
- Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk (9153920)
- Nicholas JK Breitborde (8673507)
- Nicolas Cherbuin (333502)
- Nicole Davis Weaver (8067497)
- Nihar Ranjan Dash (6852815)
- Nikha Bhardwaj (11792147)
- Nikolaos Dervenis (5325965)
- Noah Ahmad (19136455)
- Norma B Bulamu (12229487)
- Odgerel Chimed-Ochir (8673564)
- Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello (18346545)
- Olumide Abiodun (11875352)
- Omid Dadras (9992688)
- Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu (8786204)
- Palash Chandra Banik (9715265)
- Pankaj Bhardwaj (7064975)
- Pankaj Chaturvedi (128282)
- Paolo Angelo Cortesi (4175632)
- Parsa Abdi (16682367)
- Patience Unekwuojo Daikwo (19136497)
- Patrick R Ching (18301726)
- Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach (18346671)
- Paulo JG Bettencourt (18346551)
- Pedro Prata Andrade (14605574)
- Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki (6208436)
- Peng Zheng (187813)
- Prince Atorkey (12229439)
- Promit Ananyo Chakraborty (11553676)
- Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani (11552988)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas (4033322)
- Rafat Ali (2804440)
- Raja Ram Dhungana (4495243)
- Rajaa M Al-Raddadi (8383089)
- Rajbir Bhatti (1550563)
- Rajiv Chowdhury (303347)
- Rajkumar Doshi (5323376)
- Rama Mohan Chandika (18802675)
- Rami Hani Al-Rifai (19136458)
- Ravi Batra (18803707)
- Raymond NC Chan (18803170)
- Razique Anwer (2884421)
- Razman Arabzadeh Bahri (14710146)
- Rebecca M Cogen (18802684)
- Reinhard Busse (3552683)
- Reza Amani (4514557)
- Richard A Burns (7916165)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye (11062921)
- Rishan Adha (18267247)
- Ritesh Chimoriya (9965283)
- Robert Ancuceanu (9714482)
- Robert Kaba Alhassan (9016574)
- Robert Kokou Dowou (10331795)
- Robert S Bernstein (9715865)
- Robert W Aldridge (16272725)
- Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga (8627688)
- Rosario Cárdenas (15258124)
- Rotimi Felix Afolabi (4926022)
- Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh (18267211)
- Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin (8673324)
- Ruhai Bai (5066816)
- Rui MS Azevedo (18346509)
- Rupak Desai (8187537)
- Rupert Bourne (603842)
- Sabah Al-Marwani (18346452)
- Saeed Asgary (18346497)
- Saeid Anvari (18346485)
- Safoora Ahmed (18802576)
- Safwat Aly (18346473)
- Sahel Majed Alrousan (18802606)
- Sai Batchu (15337723)
- Saira Afzal (775449)
- Salah Al Awaidy (565556)
- Salahdein Aburuz (9774722)
- Salaheddine Bendak (12039300)
- Saleha Anwar (9148932)
- Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah (18346461)
- Samar Abd ElHafeez (19715293)
- Sameer Dhingra (785935)
- Samer O Alalalmeh (18346434)
- Sami Almustanyir (11514540)
- Samuel C Dumith (10281515)
- Samuele Cortese (9154963)
- Sandip Chakraborty (2637772)
- Sandra Barteit (11506745)
- Sanjay Basu (94828)
- Sara Bagherieh (12431782)
- Senbagam Duraisamy (9154016)
- Seyyed Shamsadin Athari (9715841)
- Shadi Afyouni (18346410)
- Shahin Aghamiri (18241450)
- Shahzaib Ahmad (16676910)
- Shankar M Bakkannavar (9153947)
- Shayom Debopadhaya (18346623)
- Sheikh Mohammad Alif (11553637)
- Sheng Chia Chung (19900713)
- Sherief Abd-Elsalam (11064057)
- Shirin Djalalinia (2742145)
- Shiva Akhlaghi (16794009)
- Simiao Chen (5921225)
- Simona Costanzo (397282)
- Sina Azadnajafabad (10116355)
- Sinclair Carr (10703273)
- Sneha Anil (18346482)
- Soham Bandyopadhyay (9361421)
- Sohrab Amiri (6554405)
- Sonu Bhaskar (9107879)
- Soroush Baghdadi (15946051)
- Souad Bouaoud (12997078)
- Soufiane Boufous (374974)
- Sreelatha Akkala (18346428)
- Sri Harsha Boppana (19136491)
- Srinivasa Rao Bolla (9715874)
- Subasish Das (6689306)
- Sumadi Lukman Anwar (9317754)
- Suneth Buddhika Agampodi (9029987)
- Susan C Anenberg (17329203)
- Susanne Breitner (5846057)
- Sushil Dohare (18346656)
- Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo (8383626)
- Syed Anees Ahmed (18346425)
- Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan (18346431)
- Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan (18802699)
- Syed Mohamed Aljunid (4814136)
- Syed Shujait Shujait Ali (18267277)
- Tadesse M Abegaz (18267226)
- Tahira Ashraf (11553643)
- Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal (11868533)
- Tariq A Alalwan (18346437)
- Tauseef Ahmad (4503826)
- Temesgen Lera Abiso (7480739)
- Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa (18267241)
- Thanh Chi Do (19912686)
- Thao Huynh Phuong Do (19913490)
- Thomas Astell-Burt (380223)
- Thomas Beaney (10784714)
- Till Winfried Bärnighausen (11198406)
- Tim Robert Driscoll (9714665)
- Tomi Akinyemiju (4402717)
- Tone Bjørge (276143)
- Tudorel Andrei (7729949)
- Turki M Alanzi (9153902)
- Uchenna Anderson Amaechi (19136464)
- Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi (12229475)
- Vera Marisa Costa (9714620)
- Victor Adekanmbi (4752543)
- Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu (18346632)
- Virginia Bodolica (11792150)
- Vishal R Dhulipala (18346638)
- Vivek Bhat (18346557)
- Waad Ali (18802603)
- Wafa A Aldhaleei (18802597)
- Walid Al-Zyoud (18802618)
- Wanyue Dong (4714908)
- William CS Cho (8896694)
- Williams Agyemang-Duah (6747278)
- Xiaochen Dai (11553688)
- Yannick Béjot (190995)
- Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi (12164582)
- Yasser Bustanji (2412991)
- Yihun Mulugeta Alemu (2608216)
- Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate (18241429)
- Yubin Cao (11119953)
- Zahid A Butt (8383149)
- Zaid Altaany (11703806)
- Zarrin Basharat (5663281)
- Zhaoli Dai (10774109)
- Ziyad Al-Aly (2266126)
- Zombor Berezvai (17255671)
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta (8051936)
- Publication date
- 18 May 2024
- Publisher
