Specht, M. (2012). Adaptive Learning Environment. Entry in TEL Thesaurus retrieved from http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentAdaptive Learning Environments are environments personalizing the instructional process on different instructional parameters as: sequence of tasks and task difficulty, time and type of feedback, pace of learning speed, reinforcement plan and others

Specht, Marcus

English

Adaptive Learning Environments are environments personalizing the instructional process on different instructional parameters as: sequence of tasks and task difficulty, time and type of feedback, pace of learning speed, reinforcement plan and others

Open University of the Netherlands Research Portal

Open Universiteit www.ou.nl Adaptive learning environmentCitation for published version (APA):Specht, M. (2013). Adaptive learning environment. In N. Balacheff, J. Bourdeau, P. Kirschner, & B. Wasson(Eds.), The TEL Thesaurus and Dictionary meta-project Entry in TEL ThesaurusDocument status and date:Published: 31/01/2013Document Version:Peer reviewed versionPlease check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences betweenthe submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for thefinal version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:https://www.ou.nl/taverne-agreementTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:pure-support@ou.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Downloaded from https://research.ou.nl/ on date: 16 Jul. 202331.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 1 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentAdaptive learning environmentFrom Telearn ThesaurusDraft 1Editor: Marcus Specht, Open Universiteit NederlandContributors: …/…Contents1 Definition2 Comments on the history3 Related terms4 Translation issues5 Disciplinary issues6 Key referencesDefinitionAdaptive Learning Environments are environments personalizing the instructional process on differentinstructional parameters as: sequence of tasks and task difficulty, time and type of feedback, pace of learningspeed, reinforcement plan and others.Comments on the historyPersonalization of feedback and instruction has often been considered as a key feature in learning support.The adaptations of the instructional process to the individual and its different aspects have been investigatedfrom different research perspectives as learner modelling, intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive hypermedia,adaptive instructional designs and others.From the area of adaptive instruction and the psychology of learning adaptive methods and techniques inlearning machines have been introduced and evaluated since 1950’s.These adaptive methods have beenempirically evaluated and showed to increase learning speed and help students for better understandingthrough individualized instruction.Research in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) discussed such topics as acquiring information about thelearning process, building cognitively adequate learner models, inferring information about learners, anddeveloping effective recommendation and guidance strategies for personalized learning paths. In order toprovide individualized feedback and support the development of problem solving competence in the targetdomains, ITSs are basically built on expert models of the problem domain. (Anderson, Conrad, & Corbett,1989).31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 2 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentFrom early 90’s educational adaptive hypermedia systems (Brusilovsky, 1996) have been using mostlysimpler models of learner knowledge and preferences to adapt presentation of hypermedia content,annotation of hyperlinks, sequencing of learning contents, or content recommendation. Early works takinginto account social information for giving instructional guidance also came from the field of adaptivehypermedia as for example using information about the usage of learning content by other members of alearning community or peer group members.In the last ten years the technology available and used by learners has dramatically changed. From simplytaking into account the learner knowledge, preferences, goals, and other characteristics of the learner, thesocial context of learning has become much more important. Today adaptive learning environments start tomake use of sensor information and other contextual information for supporting adaptation to the learnersand their context of use. Furthermore social media have changed the availability of user informationdramatically and using learning information for personalized reflection is a new development linked toresearch in Learning Analytics.Related termsAdaptive Systems, User Modeling, Adaptive Instruction, Adaptive HypermediaTranslation issues…/…Disciplinary issuesResearch issues about the design and the evaluation of adaptive learning environments are stronglymultidisciplinary, bringing together research from computer science and engineering, psychology andpsychotherapy, cybernetics and system dynamics, instructional design and empirical research on technologyenhanced learning.While Computer Science perspectives mostly focus on the development of better user models, anddevelopment of intelligent adaptation and media systems and algorithms, educational sciences mostly focuson the development, acceptance and evaluation of adaptive instruction algorithms. Furthermore AptitudeTreatment Interaction studies explored the effects of adapting instructional parameters to differentcharacteristics of the learner (Tennyson & Christensen, 1988) as task performance, personalitycharacteristics, or cognitive abilities.The complexity which is raised by the convergence or possible conflicts between disciplines involved inresearch on adaptivity could be structured along methodological questions distinguishing means, target, goaland strategy (Specht 1998):Adaptation Mean: What information about the user is known, and what information can be used foradaptation?Adaptation Target: What aspect of the instructional system is adapted to the given information aboutthe user?Adaptation Goal: Why does the system adapt to this information? Mostly, adaptive systems adapt totheir user for ergonomic or pedagogical reasons.Adaptation Strategy: What steps are taken to adapt the system to the user, and how active or reactive31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 3 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentare the user and the system in the adaptation process?Key referencesAnderson, J. R., Conrad, F. G., & Corbett, A. T. (1989). Skill acquisition and the LISP tutor. CognitiveScience, 13, 467-505.Brusilovsky, B. (1996). Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 6(2-3), 87-129.Specht, M. (1998). Adaptive Methoden in computerbasierten Lehr/Lernsystemen (Dissertation). Trier:University of Trier.Tennyson, R. D., & Christensen, D. L. (1988). MAIS: An intelligent learning System. In D. H. Jonassen(Ed.), Instructional Designs for microcomputer courseware. Hillsdale: N.J.:Erlbaum.Retrieved from "http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment"This page was last modified on 14 November 2012, at 17:51.

Adaptive learning environment

DSpace at Open Universiteit Nederland

31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn Thesaurus
Page 1 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment
Adaptive learning environment
From Telearn Thesaurus
Draft 1
Editor: Marcus Specht, Open Universiteit Nederland
Contributors: …/…
Contents
1 Definition
2 Comments on the history
3 Related terms
4 Translation issues
5 Disciplinary issues
6 Key references
Definition
Adaptive Learning Environments are environments personalizing the instructional process on different
instructional parameters as: sequence of tasks and task difficulty, time and type of feedback, pace of learning
speed, reinforcement plan and others.
Comments on the history
Personalization of feedback and instruction has often been considered as a key feature in learning support.
The adaptations of the instructional process to the individual and its different aspects have been investigated
from different research perspectives as learner modelling, intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive hypermedia,
adaptive instructional designs and others.
From the area of adaptive instruction and the psychology of learning adaptive methods and techniques in
learning machines have been introduced and evaluated since 1950’s.These adaptive methods have been
empirically evaluated and showed to increase learning speed and help students for better understanding
through individualized instruction.
Research in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) discussed such topics as acquiring information about the
learning process, building cognitively adequate learner models, inferring information about learners, and
developing effective recommendation and guidance strategies for personalized learning paths. In order to
provide individualized feedback and support the development of problem solving competence in the target
domains, ITSs are basically built on expert models of the problem domain. (Anderson, Conrad, & Corbett,
1989).
31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn Thesaurus
Page 2 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment
From early 90’s educational adaptive hypermedia systems (Brusilovsky, 1996) have been using mostly
simpler models of learner knowledge and preferences to adapt presentation of hypermedia content,
annotation of hyperlinks, sequencing of learning contents, or content recommendation. Early works taking
into account social information for giving instructional guidance also came from the field of adaptive
hypermedia as for example using information about the usage of learning content by other members of a
learning community or peer group members.
In the last ten years the technology available and used by learners has dramatically changed. From simply
taking into account the learner knowledge, preferences, goals, and other characteristics of the learner, the
social context of learning has become much more important. Today adaptive learning environments start to
make use of sensor information and other contextual information for supporting adaptation to the learners
and their context of use. Furthermore social media have changed the availability of user information
dramatically and using learning information for personalized reflection is a new development linked to
research in Learning Analytics.
Related terms
Adaptive Systems, User Modeling, Adaptive Instruction, Adaptive Hypermedia
Translation issues
…/…
Disciplinary issues
Research issues about the design and the evaluation of adaptive learning environments are strongly
multidisciplinary, bringing together research from computer science and engineering, psychology and
psychotherapy, cybernetics and system dynamics, instructional design and empirical research on technology
enhanced learning.
While Computer Science perspectives mostly focus on the development of better user models, and
development of intelligent adaptation and media systems and algorithms, educational sciences mostly focus
on the development, acceptance and evaluation of adaptive instruction algorithms. Furthermore Aptitude
Treatment Interaction studies explored the effects of adapting instructional parameters to different
characteristics of the learner (Tennyson & Christensen, 1988) as task performance, personality
characteristics, or cognitive abilities.
The complexity which is raised by the convergence or possible conflicts between disciplines involved in
research on adaptivity could be structured along methodological questions distinguishing means, target, goal
and strategy (Specht 1998):
Adaptation Mean: What information about the user is known, and what information can be used for
adaptation?
Adaptation Target: What aspect of the instructional system is adapted to the given information about
the user?
Adaptation Goal: Why does the system adapt to this information? Mostly, adaptive systems adapt to
their user for ergonomic or pedagogical reasons.
Adaptation Strategy: What steps are taken to adapt the system to the user, and how active or reactive
31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn Thesaurus
Page 3 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment
are the user and the system in the adaptation process?
Key references
Anderson, J. R., Conrad, F. G., & Corbett, A. T. (1989). Skill acquisition and the LISP tutor. Cognitive
Science, 13, 467-505.
Brusilovsky, B. (1996). Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia. User Modeling and User-
Adapted Interaction, 6(2-3), 87-129.
Specht, M. (1998). Adaptive Methoden in computerbasierten Lehr/Lernsystemen (Dissertation). Trier:
University of Trier.
Tennyson, R. D., & Christensen, D. L. (1988). MAIS: An intelligent learning System. In D. H. Jonassen
(Ed.), Instructional Designs for microcomputer courseware. Hillsdale: N.J.:Erlbaum.
Retrieved from "http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment"
This page was last modified on 14 November 2012, at 17:51.


Open Universiteit www.ou.nl Adaptive learning environmentCitation for published version (APA):Specht, M. (2013). Adaptive learning environment. In N. Balacheff, J. Bourdeau, P. Kirschner, & B. Wasson(Eds.), The TEL Thesaurus and Dictionary meta-project Entry in TEL ThesaurusDocument status and date:Published: 31/01/2013Document Version:Peer reviewed versionPlease check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences betweenthe submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for thefinal version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:https://www.ou.nl/taverne-agreementTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:pure-support@ou.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Downloaded from https://research.ou.nl/ on date: 09 Sep. 202131.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 1 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentAdaptive learning environmentFrom Telearn ThesaurusDraft 1Editor: Marcus Specht, Open Universiteit NederlandContributors: …/…Contents1 Definition2 Comments on the history3 Related terms4 Translation issues5 Disciplinary issues6 Key referencesDefinitionAdaptive Learning Environments are environments personalizing the instructional process on differentinstructional parameters as: sequence of tasks and task difficulty, time and type of feedback, pace of learningspeed, reinforcement plan and others.Comments on the historyPersonalization of feedback and instruction has often been considered as a key feature in learning support.The adaptations of the instructional process to the individual and its different aspects have been investigatedfrom different research perspectives as learner modelling, intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive hypermedia,adaptive instructional designs and others.From the area of adaptive instruction and the psychology of learning adaptive methods and techniques inlearning machines have been introduced and evaluated since 1950’s.These adaptive methods have beenempirically evaluated and showed to increase learning speed and help students for better understandingthrough individualized instruction.Research in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) discussed such topics as acquiring information about thelearning process, building cognitively adequate learner models, inferring information about learners, anddeveloping effective recommendation and guidance strategies for personalized learning paths. In order toprovide individualized feedback and support the development of problem solving competence in the targetdomains, ITSs are basically built on expert models of the problem domain. (Anderson, Conrad, & Corbett,1989).31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 2 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentFrom early 90’s educational adaptive hypermedia systems (Brusilovsky, 1996) have been using mostlysimpler models of learner knowledge and preferences to adapt presentation of hypermedia content,annotation of hyperlinks, sequencing of learning contents, or content recommendation. Early works takinginto account social information for giving instructional guidance also came from the field of adaptivehypermedia as for example using information about the usage of learning content by other members of alearning community or peer group members.In the last ten years the technology available and used by learners has dramatically changed. From simplytaking into account the learner knowledge, preferences, goals, and other characteristics of the learner, thesocial context of learning has become much more important. Today adaptive learning environments start tomake use of sensor information and other contextual information for supporting adaptation to the learnersand their context of use. Furthermore social media have changed the availability of user informationdramatically and using learning information for personalized reflection is a new development linked toresearch in Learning Analytics.Related termsAdaptive Systems, User Modeling, Adaptive Instruction, Adaptive HypermediaTranslation issues…/…Disciplinary issuesResearch issues about the design and the evaluation of adaptive learning environments are stronglymultidisciplinary, bringing together research from computer science and engineering, psychology andpsychotherapy, cybernetics and system dynamics, instructional design and empirical research on technologyenhanced learning.While Computer Science perspectives mostly focus on the development of better user models, anddevelopment of intelligent adaptation and media systems and algorithms, educational sciences mostly focuson the development, acceptance and evaluation of adaptive instruction algorithms. Furthermore AptitudeTreatment Interaction studies explored the effects of adapting instructional parameters to differentcharacteristics of the learner (Tennyson & Christensen, 1988) as task performance, personalitycharacteristics, or cognitive abilities.The complexity which is raised by the convergence or possible conflicts between disciplines involved inresearch on adaptivity could be structured along methodological questions distinguishing means, target, goaland strategy (Specht 1998):Adaptation Mean: What information about the user is known, and what information can be used foradaptation?Adaptation Target: What aspect of the instructional system is adapted to the given information aboutthe user?Adaptation Goal: Why does the system adapt to this information? Mostly, adaptive systems adapt totheir user for ergonomic or pedagogical reasons.Adaptation Strategy: What steps are taken to adapt the system to the user, and how active or reactive31.01.13 10:45Adaptive learning environment - Telearn ThesaurusPage 3 of 3http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environmentare the user and the system in the adaptation process?Key referencesAnderson, J. R., Conrad, F. G., & Corbett, A. T. (1989). Skill acquisition and the LISP tutor. CognitiveScience, 13, 467-505.Brusilovsky, B. (1996). Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 6(2-3), 87-129.Specht, M. (1998). Adaptive Methoden in computerbasierten Lehr/Lernsystemen (Dissertation). Trier:University of Trier.Tennyson, R. D., & Christensen, D. L. (1988). MAIS: An intelligent learning System. In D. H. Jonassen(Ed.), Instructional Designs for microcomputer courseware. Hillsdale: N.J.:Erlbaum.Retrieved from "http://www.tel-thesaurus.net/wiki/index.php/Adaptive_learning_environment"This page was last modified on 14 November 2012, at 17:51.

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