Alimon, Abdul Razak

Goh, Yong Meng

Idris, A. B.

Samsudin, Anjas Asmara @ Ab Hadi

Sazili, Awis Qurni

Yusuf, Aisha Laraba

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Proc. 33rd MSAP Ann. Conf., 4 - 7 June 2012, Langkawi, MalaysiaEFFECTS OF A ndrograph is paniculata ON THE EXTENT AND RATE OF INVITRO GAS AND METHANE PRODUCTIONA. L. Yusufl,5, Y. M. Gob2, A. A. Samsudin ', A. B. Idris', A. R. Alimonl,3 and A.Q S '1·1,4*• aZ11'Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, 2Department of Veterinary PreclinicalSciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 4Halal Products ResearchInstitute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia. 5Department ofAnimal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.Livestock production have been reported as among the major source of anthropogenicmethane (2) produced during the process of feed digestion. The process represents asignificant loss of feed energy (2-12%) that increases costs of feed (3) and at thesame time contributing to climate change which results to global warming (1). Severalbut expensive feeding strategies have been introduced such as addition of dietary fatby feeding diets containing crushed or whole oilseeds like cottonseed, sunflower seed,canola seed or flaxseed or dried corn distillers grain and ethanol by-products whichsaved up to 20% of the energy lost as methane. High quality forages such as cornsilage and alfalfa, and ionophores compound, condensed tannins, saponins essentialoils and rumen modifiers such as yeast have been used to methane production (4, 5).This could be achieved by dietary supplementation of cheaper, sustainable and lesstoxic herbs to ruminants like Andrographis paniculata. This herb contains activecompounds in the form of diterpenoids and polyphenols (6) and some secondarymetabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins andterpenoids (7), of which, mostly are potent antimicrobial agents. However, theinfluences of Andrographis paniculata on the ruminal gas production are yet to beclearly defined. Thus, the present study was carried out to determine if the inclusionof the plant would and parts affect the ruminal gas production. An in vitrodigestibility study was conducted, through which, methane gas production wasdetermined using gas chromatography. The measurement of the gas volume wascarried out at 2 hrs interval over a period of24 hrs.Figure 1 shows the trend of gas production at 2hrs interval over the 24 hours ofincubation period.Oru-s 2hrs 4hrs 6hrs Bhrs lOlus l.'2hrs 24hrslncubadon tints for gas production (hrs.)Figure 1. Differences in gas production among different dietary treatments over 24hours of incubationGenerally, the gas production was slightly higher (p>0.05) in the diet containingAPL throughout the incubation period. Although there was no significant differenceseen in all the parameters studied (p>0.05), the total gas production shown by the76Proc. 33rd MSAP Ann. Conf., 4 -7 June 2012, Langkawi, MalaysiaAPO (control) was numerically lower (25.67 ± 0.37) compared to the othertreatments (Table 1).Table 1. Differences in gas production and rumen pH of different dietary treatmentsTreatmentsParametersAPL (n=12) APR (n=12) APS (n=12) APO(n=12)Total GP (ml) 28.08 ± 1.29 28.08 ±0.88 26.47 ±1.37 25.67 ± 0.37Rate GP (mllhr) 1.17± 0.05 1.17± 0.04 1.10±0.06 1.07±0.12Methane (ml/gDM) 17.53± 0.62 17.34±0.84 18.03±0.80 17.45± 1.00pH (unit) 7.21 ± 0.01 7.20 ± 0.01 7.20 ± 0.02 7.19 ± 0.01Mean ± standard error; Means with different superscripts within a row differ significantly at P<0.05.GP- gas production; APL- Andrographis paniculata leaves; APR - Andrographis paniculata roots;APS - Andrographis paniculata stem; APO- control diet (without Andrographis paniculata).Irrespective of the parts, the inclusion of Andrographis paniculata did notsignificantly reduce the gas production. However, a slightly lower (26.47 ± 1.37)value was observed in APS treatment. Moreover, the rate of gas production was alsoslower in the control diet (APO) with a slightly higher methane concentrationobserved in the APS. The results indicate that the low total and slow rate of gasproduction did not affect the concentration of methane in the gas produced under anaverage pH range between 7.19 ± 0.01 to 7.21±0.01 which was similar across alltreatments. Although not significant, the differences observed in this studycontradicted the earlier findings reported by (5) that plant extracts such as condensedtannins and saponins which were reportedly to be present in Andrographis paniculata(6;7) could reduce gas production. The slightly higher methane and low gasproduction demonstrated in this study could possibly be explained by low level of theinclusion of the plant in the diets.1) Jason, W.J., Arlene, M.F., Larry, W.H. and Denise, L.M. (2006). Global healthbenefits of mitigating ozone pollution with methane emission controls. Proc. ofthe Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 3988-3993.2) Wood, C., Knipmeyer, C.K. (1998). Applied Environmental Science: globalclimate change and environmental stewardship by ruminant livestock producers.Nat. Councilfor Agri. Edu, 143) Penn, S. (2000). Agriculture alternatives: Meat goat production.http://agalternatives.aers.psu.edu/livestock/meatgoat.pdf4) Onanong, P., Metha, W., Chalong, W., Sadudee, W. and Anusom, C. (2009).Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by dietarysaponins and tannins from mangosteen peel and soapberry fruit. Arch. Anim.Nutr., 63 (5): 389-400.5) Karen, B. (2011). Reducing methane emissions from livestock. Agriculture andAgri Food Canada. www.agr.gc.ca6) Chao, W.W. and Lin, B.F. (2010). Isolation and identification of bioactivecompounds in Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian). China Medicine,5(1):13-17.7) Sule, A., Ahmed, Q.U., Samah, O.A. and Omar, M.N. (2010). Screening forantibacterial activity of andrographis paniculata used in malaysian folkloricmedicine: a possible alternative for the treatment of skin infections.Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14: 445-456.77

Effects of Andrographis paniculata on the extent and rate of in vitro gas and methane production

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Effects of Andrographis paniculata on the extent and rate of in vitro gas and methane production

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