Husain, Mohd Lokman

Ibrahim, Sulong

Khalid, Mohd Tarmizi

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

FOR Category Flll 00: Environmental SciencesCLASSIFICATION OF THE TERENGGANUMANGROVE FORESTS USING LARGE SCALEAERIAL PHOTOGRAPHSMohd Tannizi Khalid, Mohd. Lokman Husain andSulong IbrahimFaculty of Applied Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot,21030 Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaKeywords: mangrove, aerial photographs, interpreta-tion and classification.IntroductionThis study applies aerial photo interpretation techniques tosurvey and map and delineate the small and fragmentedmangrove forest of Terengganu. Mangrove forest is one ofthe most important and productive ecosystems found alongcoastal zones and islands in the East Coast of PeninsularMalaysia. Vast areas of mangrove forests are destroyed everyyear, directly and indirectly as a result of human activities.Areas must be allocated for conservation purposes to protectour mangrove ecosystem. There are now many tools that canprovide better baseline information than in the past. Theseinclude remote sensing, a geographic information system andenvironmental impact assessment techniques (Umali et al.1986). The panchromatic black and white aerial photographswere used to identify the species group of mangrove forest,to delineate their distribution and to quantify their coverage.Materials and MethodsBasically the study involved two main components namelyinterpretation of aerial photographs and field survey. Theother material acquired to support the photo interpretation isa topographic map, series L7030, sheet number 4461 (Cu-kai), with the scale of 1:50,000 (Survey and Mapping De-partment, 1990) and Kemaman Land cover map (AgricultureDepartment, 1990). Data analysis for photo interpretation isdone manually in the laboratory with mirror stereoscopes.The group species of mangrove forests were classified intoseveral classes based on tone and texture element in photointerpretation (Ibrahim and Hashim, 1990). The mangroveforests type cover area was estimated using planimeter in-strument, The accuracy assessment was carried out on theprovisional map to check the correctness of features and fieldchecking did mangrove forest type delineation. After thefield check, an adjustment was made in the aerial photo in-terpretation result of the provisional map and to produce thefinal mangrove forests type map. For easy retrieval and up-dating, all data will be input into a Geographic InformationSystem (GIS).Results and DiscussionFrom the aerial photo interpretation and field checking inPulau Sekeping, it was found that ten classes of mangroveforests cover could be determined. They are Rhizophora(mature), Rhizophora (young), AvicenniaJSonneratia mixedmangrove forest, mixed Bruguiera Forest, Rhizo-phora/Bruguiera forest, mixed Ceriops forest, Lumnitzeraforest, mixed Rhizophora forest and BruguieraJAvicennieforest. The total extent of mangrove forests in Pulau Sekep-ing is about 127.6 ha. The Rhizophara (mature) occupied38.9%, Rhizophora (young) 4.3%, AvicenniaJSonneratia15.3%, mixed mangrove forest 30.6%, mixed Bruguiera for-est 2.2%, Rhizophora/Bruguiera forest 7.6%, mixed Ceriopsforest 3%, Lumnitzera forest 1.3%, mixed Rhizophora forest2.5% and BruguieraJAvicennie forest 0.6%. Further photointerpretation will also be done at another places in district ofKemaman, Terengganu. Presently, we have standardise ourphoto interpretation techniques and expected to finish the labanalyses in June 1999. We hope to finish this project by theend of September the year 1999 and submit a complete reportmapping of mangrove forests in the district of KemamanTerengganu by the end of 1999. 'ConclusionsOur preliminary results demonstrate that aerial photo inter-pretation techniques can be used to obtain detail informationthat can be used to support jurisdictional determinations ofmangrove forests. It can be used to reduce the time neededfor simple and fast thematic mapping and tracing of man-grove forests in general.ReferencesIbrahim, .S. and Hashim, I. 1990. Classification of mangrove forestby usmg 1:40000 scale aerial photographs. For. Ecol. Manage.33(34): 583-592. 'Survey and Mapping Department, 1990. Topographic maps, SeriesL7030, Sheet No. 4461.Umali, R.M., Eusebio, M.A., Tesoro, P.O., Chan, H.T., Ibrahim, S.and Ong, J. E. 1986. Management techniques and methodologies.In Mangroves of Asia and the Pacific: status and management.Tech. Rep. UNDP/UNESCO Research and Training Pilot Pro-gramme and Mangrove Ecosystems in Asia and the Pacific. Natu-ral Resources Management Centre and National MangroveCommittee, Ministry of NaturaJ Resources, Philippines. p. 471-511.Supported by IRPA Grant 01-02-04-0262275

Classification of the Terengganu mangrove forests using large scale aerial photographs

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Classification of the Terengganu mangrove forests using large scale aerial photographs

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