Knudsen, Edward

English

ifa Repositorium zur Auswärtigen Kultur- und Bildungspolitik (AKBP)

 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet Turkey                      2 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey 1. Key Indicators   2019 % change since 2015 Population (millions) / ranking  82  +5.5 GDP, market prices (€ million)  679,510 -12.55 GDP ranking  19th  +1 GDP per capita  8230 -17.11 R&D economy (%GDP)1  1.03 -0.17 Geopolitical position Hard power rank2  10 - -  World trade indicators / ranking ($ million) 29th  -4   Soft power rank3 29th  -1   Diplomacy rank4 6th -1  Sources: Eurostat, World Bank, Lowy Institute Diplomacy Ranking, Portland Soft Power Ranking, Global Firepower Hard Power Ranking 2. Government funding as percent of total government outlays, by selected fields  2019 % change since 2015 Culture - - Education - 11.25 (2016) R & D 5 - - Media - -    1 Expressed as Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) (Eurostat). 2 2019 Military Strength Ranking. (2020). Retrieved 2 September 2020, from https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp.  3 Soft Power 30. (2020). Retrieved 2 September 2020, from https://softpower30.com/.  4 Global Diplomacy Index. (2020). Retrieved 2 September 2020, from https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/.  5 Expressed as GBARD - Government budget appropriations or outlays on R&D.  3 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey 3. Overview of External Cultural Policy  2019 Number of countries with ECP activities Min. 48 Total number of institutions abroad Approx. 100 (plus 2,000 Diyanet mosques) Total number of FTE staff engaged in ECP activities Approx. 8,000 Government financial support (€ million) Min 125 million Total expenditure of all ECP operators (€ million) - Comparative ECP ranking medium  MAIN ECP OBJECTIVES • Strengthen Turkish national identity, especially emphasizing the importance of Islam • Strengthen placement as an East-West bridge • Offer alternative to Western-led models of modernity and development ECP CONTEXT • Increasingly antagonistic relations between the West and Turkey • Increasing move toward state centralization, in spite of stated goal of a more “British” system • Multipolarity, competing global narratives REGIONAL FOCUS AND INSTITUTIONAL EMPHASIS • Shared culture and language with Turkic countries • Educational hub of the Islamic world • Tourist destination, including many from EU     4 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey INSTITUTIONAL MAP   4. Fields of External Cultural Policy  2019 2015 Culture and the Arts   Number of countries present Yunus Emre Institute: 48 Diyanet: 145  Yunus Emre Institute: 30 Diyanet: - Number of institutes Yunus Emre Institute: 58 Diyanet: Over 2,000  Yunus Emre Institute: 38 Diyanet: Approx 2,000  Number of FTE staff  Yunus Emre Institute: 553  Diyanet: 104,814 Yunus Emre Institute: 380 Diyanet: 117,378 Number of artists in exchange programs Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts: 30 - Budget (€ million) Yunus Emre Institute: 25.8 Yunus Emre Institute: 28.54  Government financial support (€ million) - - Language   Number of countries where courses are offered  48 30  5 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey  2019 2015 Number of students  In class: 144,000 cumulative (100k as of 2017) Online reach: 320,000 In class: 8628 Online reach: 381,000 (2017) Number of candidates for Turkish language qualifications - - Number of language teachers - - Budget (€ million) 25.8 28.54 Government financial support (€ million) - - Education - Primary & Secondary:  Maarif Foundation   Number of countries 43 n/a Number of schools 333 n/a Number of students Approx. 40,000 n/a Number of staff / teachers 7327 n/a Budget (€ million) Approx. 77 n/a Government financial support (€ million) Approx. 77 n/a Education - Tertiary   Number of countries 167 - Number of universities / colleges None, 20 core internationalizing - Number of foreign students6 125,138 72,178 Number of students at trans-national higher education (TNE) 17k outgoing with Erasmus, roughly 100k total 16k outgoing with Erasmus Number of government scholarships awarded Over 40,000, 5000 fully funded with Türkiye Scholarship  - Number of staff / teachers - - Budget (€ million) YÖK: 14.8 Türkiye Scholarship: 17.7 YÖK: 16 Government financial support  (€ million) - -  6 Data based on Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students | UNESCO UIS. (2020). Retrieved 2 September 2020, from http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow.  6 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey  2019 2015 Science and Research: TABİP (through YEE)   Number of countries - - Number of institutes - - Number of researchers / staff - - Number of projects 66,270 - Number scientists listed on international cooperation portal 299,000 - Budget (€ million) - - Government financial support (€ million) - - Media   TV   Number of countries broadcasted to TRT World: 4 Offices, worldwide broadcast TRT World: 4 Offices, worldwide broadcast Number of languages 5 5 Number of channels 18 18 Audience / weekly (million) 260 - Digital & social media audience (million) - - Budget (€ million) 180 Approx. 70-140 Radio   Number of countries broadcasted to - - Number of languages 38 38 Number of channels 14 14 Audience (million) - - Digital & social media audience (million) - - New Media   Social networks following TRT World: Twitter 350k YouTube: 1 million subscribers Facebook: 2.7 million -  7 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey  2019 2015 Audience / unique visitors (monthly/million) - - Budget (€ million) - - 5. Current Issues and Developments • Deteriorating relations with the West, stalling of EU accession negotiations • Strong emphasis on Turkic countries • Illiberal trends within Turkey 6. Contributions to multilateral cultural organisations  2019 2015 UNESCO (€ million) 7 1.83 - Council of Europe (€ million) 14.3 13.7 Creative Europe (€ million) - - Other - - Sources: UNESCO, CoE, European Commission 7. Selected Data Sources and References  Ahval News. (2018). Turkey’s top religious body receives 34 pct boost to 2019 budget amid cuts to ministries. Retrieved from: https://ahvalnews.com/diyanet/turkeys-top-religious-body-receives-34-pct-boost-2019-budget-amid-cuts-ministries?fbclid=IwAR2JkHntQsZ99E74sSYDqToGCTaq5TUEbVrgiLyAsuTb7zjNewf5yYQxNIQ   Ahval News. (2019a). Turkey allocates $94 million to foundation that oversees schools abroad . Retrieved from: https://ahvalnews.com/turkey/turkey-allocates-94-million-foundation-oversees-schools-abroad   Ahval News. (2019b). Turkey’s top religious body to spend $11 billion by 2023. Retrieved from: https://ahvalnews.com/directorate-religious-affairs/turkeys-top-religious-body-spend-11-billion-2023     7 Assessed contributions to UNESCO are mandatory contributions due from States by virtue of their membership.   8 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey Council of Higher Education. (2019). Higher Education System in Turkey 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/2019/Higher_Education_in_Turkey_2019_en.pdf    Deutsche Welle. (2017). Report: German authorities investigate high Turkish religious official. Retrieved from: https://www.dw.com/en/report-german-authorities-investigate-high-turkish-religious-official/a-38248062?fbclid=IwAR2R3A862ExddudIbIr9Fz6ABKACtnnXpPqjXy9krvXtPuSvNMYmo0ig_5U  E-Bursum. (2019). Türkiye bursanalizi 2018-2019: Geleceğe Yön, Topluma Fayda. Retrieved from: https://e-bursum.com/Assets/tba/2.pdf  European Funding Guide. (n.d.). Turkish government - Yunus emre turkish language program. Retrieved from: http://www.european-funding-guide.eu/scholarship/690005-yunus-emre-turkish-language-program%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0?fbclid=IwAR0h3xyzKyR4-AcjCm2MUWsIy3FZn3_ma706Zods95-20-30smBlkTK6eRE  Hürriyet Daily News. (2019). Erdoğan presents culture, arts awards. Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved from: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-presents-culture-arts-awards-140421?fbclid=IwAR1uoJXpXNw1hbsIixJU1-MbyV76xuVZjVueOhI1YXYh_KRVwjQS5npPQao  Ministry of Culture and Tourism Republic of Turkey. (2019). The Turkish world. Retrieved from: https://www.ktb.gov.tr/EN-99188/the-turkish-world.html?fbclid=IwAR18eLsBAfshTa7RhVlk6CjV0_FY7CID_ATkF1KjamIbpJgrFnpIXJss8jw  Polo, J. (2018). Turkish Cultural Policy: In Search of a New Model? In Turkish Cultural Policies in a Global World. M. Girard, J. Polo, & C. Scalbert-Yücel (Eds.), (pp. 77-103). London: Palgrave Macmillan Portland. (2016). Soft Power 30: A Global Ranking of Soft Power. Retrieved from: https://softpower30.com/  Portland. (2017). Soft Power 30: A Global Ranking of Soft Power. Retrieved from: https://softpower30.com/  Presidency of The Republic of Turkey. (2017). We should set new cultural goals for ourselves in accordance with the 2023 vision. Retrieved from: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/72201/we-should-set-new-cultural-goals-for-ourselves-in-accordance-with-the-2023-vision  Presidency of Turks Abroad and Related Communities. (n.d.). Turkey scholarships. Retrieved from: https://www.ytb.gov.tr/uluslararasi-ogrenciler/turkiye-burslari?fbclid=IwAR3-kjE4DRgexYZgTFGKz3NIVUKCbb9flZJItR5NurOHUT2L1pDUBG6jJ-4  Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.a). The cooperation council of Turkic speaking states. Retrieved from: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turk-konseyi-en.en.mfa?fbclid=IwAR1hqBRbSUj_ScBmBtaDdbi7X4vzgDglRCWMihYDSzdcN6wC8tnn0ltsEAg  Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.b). Cultural activities organized abroad. Retrieved from: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/cultural-activities-organized-abroad.en.mfa?fbclid=IwAR0S3wy1b2Mi7F8f83sFvhDMOeca9PyVrIh1RHfJVfxchcK4nN2PZuc24_g  Sevin, E. (2018). Digital diplomacy as crisis communication: Turkish digital outreach after July 15. Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior, 113 (pp. 185–207)    9 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey Stockholm Center for Freedom. (2019a). Erdoğan's maarif foundation has taken over 191 Gülen-linked schools in 21 countries, says chair. Retrieved from: https://stockholmcf.org/erdogans-maarif-foundation-has-taken-over-191-gulen-linked-schools-in-21-countries-says-chair/?fbclid=IwAR2_zabbIYRskyIPsyVUnncZq5RQvZ07w9ZKNXniv-Fd0cDynVB-Sgwyb04  Stockholm Center for Freedom. (2019b). Jailed and wanted journalists in Turkey - updated list. Retrieved from: https://stockholmcf.org/updated-list/?fbclid=IwAR3HrGi0CuW7N-aZl0ge0Fl-ULm6nAeAPSmPh6D5UXgTE8Kf9J3FLszlUAw  Study in China. (n.d.). Turkish students spend $1.5 billion for education abroad. Retrieved from: https://www.studyinchina.com.my/web/page/turkish-students-spend-15-billion/?fbclid=IwAR2wVExsaqDkELjUiDSO1ikBUJN29hmzSvxQ9W9rFXjRc9w2q-c2ul8XOZ8  TABIP. (n.d.). Point of Contact Fellowship Program. Retrieved from: https://tabip.global/ecosystem/views/fellowShip  The Council of Higher Education. (n.d.). Regulation on recognition and equivalence of foreign higher education diplomas. Retrieved from https://www.yok.gov.tr/en/Documents/legislation/1.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0G_pbUAwypJopPGiSQmbHgZW75eEBFjjoTmNrWNkkVrlZ1Hoqxyu8qwoI   TIKA. (2017). Annual report 2017. Istanbul, Turkey. Retrieved from: https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2018/2017%20Faaliyet%20Raporu/AR_2017%20web.pdf  TIKA. (2019). Idare faaliyet raporu 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/sayfa/publication/2019/TIKAFaaliyet2019ENGWebKapakli.pdf  TIKA. (n.d.). Türk Işbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansi Başkanliği. Retrieved from: https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr  TRT World. (n.d.). Our story. Retrieved from: https://www.trtworld.com/about?fbclid=IwAR24_n5C7k2015jQ7YASjw_JAxPudllKaEOvBcC-WiLQnlB9DdUsZKkt76g  Turkey Mezunlari. (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from: https://www.turkiyemezunlari.gov.tr/hakkinda/?fbclid=IwAR1lQentm4o3Kth6AN2ZgNrIuFUgnhhcbbwMQ6Nq-ICvQQWZVPIW4Gs5byg  Turkic Council. (2019a). Common Turkic history textbook. Retrieved from: https://www.turkkon.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari/education-science_4/common-turkic-history-textbook_18?fbclid=IwAR3onC_yrB_RwqOQfJI8SfE8sa6UwG8OptLw2N_DOI9O5MUdv7FrlAoCUQU  Turkic Council. (2019b). Orkhun exchange program. Retrieved from: https://www.turkkon.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari/education-science_4/orkhun-exchange-program_15?fbclid=IwAR00_rEx9i2ADdZArLEV-Do2MlcDZ9j7d2O3Kr-8VIqf1scTKUngffPvJKw  Turkic Council. (2019c). World nomad games. Retrieved from https://www.turkkon.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari/youth-sports_7/world-nomad-games_27?fbclid=IwAR16hPVWQ6hMx3ncFgXyupxqANlks5uOlNhrTrs4vGXzXxllFueU9AOXVDo  Turkic Council. (n.d.a). About Turkic council. Retrieved from: https://www.turkkon.org/en-US/general_information/299/308?fbclid=IwAR3BK8_bFXV4G1P7Tiuy_SPnlyhevrrXI2yEIVh35KNlZZOjfcy-tvT9HKk   10 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey Turkic Council. (n.d.b). Turkic academy. Retrieved from https://www.turkkon.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar/turkic-academy_1?fbclid=IwAR0sXzpKVmsCjh3GPE6yBZTrVTYZNSWUIljpqxsO3DrHGjVB7wvPUoOgcsQ  Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu. (2016). Faaliyet Raporu 2016 (p. 253). https://trtkurumsal.trt.net.tr/Uploads/application/pdf/2015-02-17-13.42.00/fc2378f865884f03b7e76c82fbae6064.pdf  Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu. (2019). Faaliyet Raporu 2019. https://www.trt.net.tr/kurumsal/2019/  Türkiye Burslari. (n.d.). Turkish language education. Retrieved from: https://turkiyeburslari.gov.tr/en/page/current-students/turkish-language-education?fbclid=IwAR1nvSrZ3ojFYxeHSDP6291gLt8hmglOBoCFwNngv4dZQrIV97-PzNEpVGY  Türksoy. (n.d.). About. Retrieved from: https://www.turksoy.org/en/turksoy/about?fbclid=IwAR0_KV6GfCqn68i4rqrvXxHt2oYSHLUbquU3T-bWymrSZleVFY7hgmN7HNY  US Department of Justice. (2019). Obligation of Turkish Radio & Television Corporation to Register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/files/live/sites/almonitor/files/documents/2020/trt_world_justice_department_fara_determination_letter.pdf  Yunus Emre Institute. (2018a). Faaliyet raporu. Retrieved from: https://www.yee.org.tr/sites/default/files/yayin/2017-faaliyet-raporu-27.11.2018-dusuk-boyut.pdf  Yunus Emre Institute. (2018b). What is the turkish summer school? Retrieved from: http://turkceyazokulu.com/en/what-is-the-turkish-summer-school.html?fbclid=IwAR2oKZM1Fz3P0slLPr0nfwzYmAqwUfD0nkTGtRgLXaPXUE5OdRTi5YkuffA  Yunus Emre Institute. (2019). Faaliyet Raporu 2019 (p. 243). https://saraybosna.yee.org.tr/sites/default/files/yayin/yee_2019_v2_31122020.pdf  Yunus Emre Institute. (n.d.a). Başkanın mesajı. Retrieved from: https://www.yee.org.tr/tr/kurumsal/baskanin-mesaji?fbclid=IwAR2deC99FNog7Ig0JQ1Jlq7fmG6cP5yPP0meA0db4SMlqirNvA96QSaZpH4  Yunus Emre Institute. (n.d.b). Harita. Retrieved from: https://www.yee.org.tr/en/map?fbclid=IwAR2TWTPizHMXf-qjZQ9YgayWcdoqzCXeReqMi88_l95PVCYyeCvWUvmDEeY  Yunus Emre Institute. (n.d.c). Learn Turkish. Retrieved from: https://dc.yee.org.tr/en/content/learn-turkish?fbclid=IwAR2SMkdhnD-YgoTjYj0aoTln-3w0LOoMV5SwKVu5C-iU8L1BGV8xdq5aOZk  Yunus Emre Institute. (n.d.d). Yunus Emre Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.yee.org.tr/en/corporate/yunus-emre-institute?fbclid=IwAR30f54SGYgGL2E2SnH5SFp0c0UD58I0JWjh5yfetxXA-P-u0IH6d9arW8M  Yunus Emre Institute. (2015). Faaliyet Raporu 2015 (p. 291) https://berlin.yee.org.tr/sites/default/files/yayin/2015_yili_faaliyet_raporu.pdf   Yunus Emre Insitute Learn Turkish. (n.d.). Learn Turkish. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://turkce.yee.org.tr/en/    11 ifa ECP Monitor Fact Sheet | Turkey Imprint The External Cultural Policy Monitor Developed by Helmut K. Anheier, Hertie School & UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, and ifa Competence Centre. Supervised by Helmut K. Anheier. Coordinated by Sarah Widmaier for ifa. This paper is a summary of the respective Country Report.  Preferred citation Knudsen, Edward (11/2021). “Turkey. Factsheet,” in: Helmut K. Anheier and ifa (eds.). The External Cultural Policy Monitor. Stuttgart: ifa.  The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ifa.  Publisher: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) Charlottenplatz 17,  70173 Stuttgart,  Postfach 10 24 63,  D-70020 Stuttgart   www.ifa.de   © ifa 2021  Author: Edward Knudsen  Copy-editing by:  ifa’s Research Programme “Culture and Foreign Policy”  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)    DOI: https://doi.org/10.17901/ecp.2021.100    

Turkey: fact sheet

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Turkey: fact sheet

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ifa Repositorium zur Auswärtigen Kultur- und Bildungspolitik (AKBP)