Ab. Rahman, Mohamad Zaki

Ahmad @ Ayob, Mansor

Haron, Md. Jelas

Silong, Sidik

Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Agricultural SciencesDevelopment of Environmentally Degradable Polymeric Material (Plastics) from SagoStarch for Agricultural and Medical Industries*M. Z. AI:7.Rahman, W. M. Z. Wan Yunus, M. Ahmad, M. J. Haron, and S. SilongFacultyof Scienceand EnvironmentalStudiesUniversitiPutraMalaysia43400UPM,Serdang,SelangorMalaysiaE-mail ofCorrespondingAuthor:rnzaki@fsas.upm.edu.myKey words: degradable polymer, sago starch, agriculture, hydrogel, medical.IntroductionMajority of synthetic polymers pre-pared from petrochemical-basedmonomers are usually tough and noteasily degradable, which give rise toenvironmental problems. Sago starch isone bio-based material suitable for theproduction of environmentally degrad-able polymers (plastics). In order toincrease the desirable qualities of theform polymers, starch can be modifiedlightly by cross-linking and graftingwith other monomers. These types ofbiodegradable polymers could be usedas polymeric hydrogels for possibleapplication as matrices in the con-trolled release of agrochemicals anddrugs, and as supersorbents inhealthcare industry.Materials and MethodsMaterials: Sago starch was purchasedfrom a Malaysian Company. Methylacrylate (Fluka) was stored at -10°Cafter being freed from its stabilizer bypassing through a proper column ofactivated alumina. Ceric ammoniumnitrate (CAN) was obtained from BDH(England). All solvents used were ofanalytical grade and obtained fromHamburg Chemicals. The commercialalpha-amylase enzyme produced frommalt (type V-A, 2.7 units I mg solid atpH 6.9 at 20°C) was obtained fromSigma USA. Preparation of Graft Co-polymerization of Vinyl Monomersonto Sago Starch is given elsewhere I.Degradation Study of Sago StarchGrafted polymers as follows: Theenzyme stock solution was prepared bydissolving 0.1 g of a-amylase in 1L of8.3 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.2.Exactly, 0.50 g sago starch graftedpolymer samples were immersed in 45ml of different concentrations (10-50ppm) of enzyme solution. Sampleswere incubated at 30 "C and shaken atspeed of 150 rpm. One ml portion so-lution was pipetted every 24 hrs for theglucose content analysis by phenolsulphuric acid method.Results and DiscussionGrafting of MA onto Sago Starch: Thegraft copolymerisation of methyl ac-rylate and acrylonitrile onto sago starchwas carried out by free radical initiat-ing process. The optimum yield ofgrafting was obtained when the con-centrations of CAN, MA, AGU andH2S04 were 8.77 x 10'3,0.803,0.135,.and 0.175 mol t.', respectively. Theoptimum temperature and period wereSO C and 60 min, respectively. Graftingof AN onto Sago Starch: The optimumyield of grafting was obtained when theconcentrations of CAN, AN, AGU andH2S04 were 9.52 x 10'3,0.506,0.146,and 0.190 mol i.', respectively. Theoptimum temperature and period were50 C and 90 min, respectively. Biodeg-radation study on the glucose produc-tion showed the rate of degradation forsago starch was higher than thegrafted methyl acrylate onto sagostarch.ConclusionsThe graft copolymerisation of methylacrylate and acrylonitrile onto sagostarch was performed. The study re-vealed that percentage of grafting andgrafting efficiency were dependentupon the concentration of eerie ammo-nium nitrate, sago starch, methyl ac-rylate, acrylonitrile, mineral acid and aswell as reaction temperature and pe-riod. Biodegradation study by using a-amylase showed that the rate of degra-dation of gelatinised sago starch washigher than that of sago starch graftcopolymers and the highest rate ofdegradation was obtained by using 50-ppm concentration of a-amylase.Benefits from the studyThe graft copolymer of acrylic mono-mers onto starch may be used as biode-gradable mulch in agriculture, medi-cine, and food packages.Literature cited in the textNone.Project Publications inRefereed JournalsLutfor,M.R., SidikSilong,WanMdZinWanYunus,Zaki, MAb Rahman,MansorAhmadand Jelas Haron. 2000.Journal of Appl.Polymer Science. 76: 516.Lutfor,M.R., SidikSilong,WanMdZinWanYunus,M ZakiAb Rahman,MansorAhmadand Jelas Haron. 2000. Journal ofApplied Polymer Science. 77: 784.Lutfor, M.R., Silong,S.WanYunus,W.M.Z.,Haron,I.,Ab. RahmanM.Z. andAhmad,M. 2000.1ntemational Journal ofPolymeric Materials. 1-7.Lutfor,M. R., Rahman,M.Z.A., SidikS.,Ahmad,M., Haron,J., WanYunus,W.M.Z.2000. Designed Monomers andPolymers. 3.Project Publications inConference ProceedingsNone.Graduate ResearchMd LutforRahman.2000. PolymerChemistry[Ph.DJ.UniversitiPutraMalaysia.63

Development of environmentally degradable polymeric material (plastics) from sago starch for agricultural and medical industries

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Development of environmentally degradable polymeric material (plastics) from sago starch for agricultural and medical industries

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