Ibrahim, Rashid

Mohd Yusof, Loqman

R., Zurina

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

FOR Category Fl0900: Agricultural SciencesLACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) LEVELS INSERUM AND SYNOVIAL FLUID OF DOGS 'R. Zurina, R. Ibrahim and M.Y. LoqmanFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor,MalaysiaKeywords: lactate dehydrogenase, enzyme, serum,synovial fluid, dogs.IntroductionThe enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the in-te~conversi~n of lactic .and pyruvic acids. It is widely dis-tnbuted in the body in relatively high concentration in thetissue, which makes increased plasma LDH a good indicatorof tissue damage. The lack of tissue specificity of LDH hasbeen partly circumvented by the discovery that it exists in avariety of molecular forms called isoenzymes. Five isoen-zymes LDHI-5 are present in different proportions in varioustissues. The synovial fluid analysis is the most effectiveclinico-pathologic procedure available to determine thecause, type, duration and prognosis of the joint disorderscaused by infectious agents. Increased LDH is a good indi-cator of tissue damage (Veys and Wieme, 1968). Severalstudies have been reported in horses camels, cattle and pigs(Liberg et al. 1977; Grun and Weder, 1978; Yancik et al.1987) and human (Apple and Rogers, 1986). However littlework has been done to date on enzyme levels in canine andfeline synovial fluid.The objectives of the work include: (1) To determine char-acteristic of LDH isoenzyme level in serum and synovialfluid in clinically healthy dogs; (2) to establish the relation-ship of LDH enzyme levels with ages, body weights andsexes in clinically healthy dogs; (3) to correlate enzyme lev-els in the serum with those in synovial fluid; and (4) to de-termine the relationship between the enzyme level andpathologic changes found in the dogs.Materials and MethodsSynovial Fluid: Synovial fluid samples from the left andright stifle joints were collected from 40 clinically healthydogs that were chooses randomly from different ages, sexesand body weights. Synovia samples were stabilised with3.8% sodium citrate immediately after collection before be-ing treated with hyaluronidase for 15 minutes. The samplesWereleft for 20 minutes before being centrifuged at 2000xgat 6°C for 30 minutes. The supernatants were collected forLDH isoenzyme analysis by electrophoresis (LD IsoenzymeElectrophoresis Procedure, Helena Laboratories, Texas). Se-rum Samples: Venous blood samples were taken from thecephalic vein from each dog using plain tubes and centri-fuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minute before the serum were ana-lysed for LDH using the electrophoresis method.The comparison could be made from the results to show anysignificant correlation between the level of the enzymes inthe serum and the enzymes in the synovial fluid from thesame dogs.Results and DiscussionSerum LDH:. The value for total LDH in serum of dogs be-low 10kg was 149.5 ± 18B-B unit/ml. There was no signifi-cant difference between sexes, ages and body weights ofclinically healthy dogs. There were no significant correlationbetween each LDH isoenzyme with the blood parameters(ALT, BUN, creatinine and serum protein) in clinicallyhealthy dogs. For RBC, there was slight negative correlationbetween LDH4 (r=-0.33). For WBC, LDH3 showed a posi-tive correlation (r=0.474) when compared to LDH2(r=0.329). For PCV, LDH2 gave a positive correlation(r=0.49) compared to LDH4 (r=-0.346).The comparison between each LDH isoenzyme shows thatthere is strong correlation between LDH3 and LDH2(r=0.708) where as there is strong negative correlation be-tween LDH5 with LDH3 (r=-0.887) followed by LDH2 (r=-0.838) and LDHI (r=-0.562). The percentages of the LDHisoenzymes in clinically healthy serum dogs were 11.78%(LDHl), 17.59% (LDH2), 31.11% (LDH3), 20.02% (LDH4)and 19.45%(LDH5).Synovial LDH: Determination the characteristic of lactic de-hydrogenase enzyme level in synovial fluid in clinicallyhealthy dogs was difficult due to the small volume and highviscosity of synovial fluid was obtained from the stifle joints.The technique has improved and dilution factors had beenintroduced in the analytical methods. The determination ofthe characteristic of lactic dehydrogenase enzyme level insynovial fluid would be completed. The normal trend ofLDH in serum of clinically healthy dogs (n=40) has been es-tablished but values for synovial fluid in stifle joints have notbeen satisfactory. Future research is needed in dogs to deter-mine the total LDH in serum and synovial fluid.ConclusionsThere is no significant difference between sexes, ages andbody weights for LDH isoenzymes in serum of clinicallyhealthy dogs. There is no strong correlation between LDHisoenzyme with blood parameters but there is strong correla-tion between each LDH isoenzyme.ReferencesApple. F.S. and Rogers, M.A. 1986. Skeletal muscle lactate dehy-drogenase isoenzyme alteration in men and women marathonrunners. J. Appl. Physiol., 6(2): 477-481.Grun, E. and Weder,C. 1978. Determination of enzyme activity insynovial fluid of farm animals. Archiv-Jur-Experimentelle-Veterinarmedizin. 32(5): 811-821.Liberg, P., Magnusson, L.E., Schougaarg, H. 1977. Studies on thesynovia in healthy horses with particular reference to the proteincomposition. Equine Vet. Res. 9(2): 87-91.Veys. E.S.• Wieme, R.J. 1968. Lactate dehydrogenase in synovialfluid. Diagnostic evaluation of total activity and isoenzyme pat-terns. Ann. Rheum. 27(Dis.): 596-576.Yancik. S.A., Mcllwaraith, C.W.,Wadner, A.E., Trotter, G.W. 1987.Evaluation of creatine kinase and lactate dyhydrogenase activitiesin clinically normal and abnormal equine joints. Am. J. Vet. Res.48(3): 463-466.Supported by IRPA Gra~tOI-02-04-0098109

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum and synovial fluid of dogs

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum and synovial fluid of dogs

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