Ochroconis was one of numerous orphan-fungal groups in Hyphomycetes. Phylogenetic taxonomy using multi-gene analysis (nuLSU, nuSSU, mtSSU and RPB2) found that Ochroconis species were clustered within Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes. Species recognition by genealogical concordance concept using multi-gene analysis (nuSSU, ITS, nuLSU, ACT1, BT2 and TEF1) revealed that all investigated Ochroconis species were recognized and classified into two genera viz. Ochroconis (mesophile) and Verruconis (thermo-tolerant). Ochroconis consists of twenty two species viz. O. anellii, O. anomala, O. bacilliformis, O. constricta, O. cordanae, O. crassihumicola, O. gamsii, O. globalis, O. humicola, O. icarus, O. lascauxensis, O. longiphora, O. macrozamiae, O. minima, O. musae (mirabilis), O. olivacea, O. phaeophora, O. robusta, O. ramosa, O. sexualis, O. tshawytschae and O. verrucosa, and Verruconis consists of three species viz. V. calidifluminalis, V. gallopava and V. verruculosa. The thermo-tolerant and mesophilic species seemed to have specific pathological characters and antifungal susceptibility profiles. The phylogeny investigation also yielded remarkable results of re-identification of clinical strains, the best DNA barcoding candidate (ACT1) and the phylogenetically reliable markers (SSU, LSU and ITS). Furthermore, in ribosomal gene analyses of Ochroconis and Verruconis found that substitution pattern was carried on in accelerated rate, with transition bias at high divergent level and without the bias at the specific level
