Abd. Moksin, Mohd Maarof

Mat Yunus, Wan Mahmood

Talib, Zainal Abidin

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Section 2-Extended AbstractsDevelopment, Characterization and Evaluation of Surface Plasmon ResonanceOptical SensorsW. Mahmood Mat Yunue, Mohd Maarof Moksin and Zainal A"idin Tali"Faculty of Science and Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysiaE-mailofCorrespondingAuthor:wmahmood@fsas.upm.edu.myKey words: surface plasmon resonance, optical sensor, refractive index, moisture content, thin film.IntroductionA surface plasmon is an electromag-netic wave propagating along the sur-face of a thin metal film. Optical ex-citation of the plasmon can be observedif a p-polarized, collimated light beamundergoes total internal reflection at aglass/metal/dielectric interface'!'. Theeffect is observed as a sharp minimumof the reflectance when the angle ofincidence is varied. The resonancecondition includes the following pa-rameters: wavelength and angle ofincidence of light, dielectric constantsof the metal and media on its bothsides, and thickness of the metal film.Thus for monochromatic light andfixed metal layer, the angle at whichthe resonance occurs depends criticallyon the dielectric constant (refractiveindex) of medium adjacent to the metalsurface. By covering the metal layerwith a chemically active thin mem-brane, a very sensitive sensor can beobtained, depending on the chemistryof the membrane. The above conceptcan be modified in another way. In-stead of the chemically active mem-brane, a thin film sensitive to gas massflow is used. If gas flow influencesurface plasmon resonance condition,e.g. by introducing changes in thick-ness or refractive index of the film,then even small flows could bemonitored.Materials and MethodsThe experimental apparatus for thepresent work is based on prism cou-pling using Kretschemann configura-tion. Thin metal films were preparedby thermal evaporation technique (Ed-ward 306) at base pressure down to 10-'torr. A laser beam from a He-Nelaser source operating at a wavelength632.8nm passed through a polarizerbefore striking the prism/sample. Arotating stage having minimum resolu-tion 0.01 degree is used to rotate theprism in a step of 0.1 degree. The re-338fleeted beam and reference beam aredetected by large area photodiode andprocessed by lock-in amplifier.Results and DiscussionWe have tested several metal films asan active layer and we found that thegold coated with very thin polyanilinefilm is the most suitable for sen-sors(2)(3)(4).We have used this type ofsensor for detecting the small amountof ethanol, honey, latex, glucose, bloodin water. We have also tested themethod for the sample in the powderform and for scattered media. How-ever, in order to evaluate the ability ofthe method, we have carried out meas-urements to characterize the surfaceplasmon for various metal films, suchas gold, silver, gold alloy, and alumi-num. We are able to determine therefractive of those metal films up to the10.3 RU.]. The details of the findingsare listed in our publications.ConclusionsDepending on specific system design,SPR has numerous applications forcommercialization such as monitoringreal time biological and chemical reac-tion, monitoring production process,determine chemical concentration foodadditive testing, refractive index de-tector for liquid chromatography, proc-ess control microsensor, corrosionmonitoring device, polarization device,environmental monitoring system, andmedical diagnostics. In this respect, ourrefractive index measurement schemecan be tailored into meeting specificneeds of biophysical and biochemicalresearches, and also industrial proc-esses.Benefits from the studySPR also has an extensive range ofapplications in the analysis of metalsbecause the resonance condition de-pends upon the physical properties ofthe metal surface on which the plasmonis excited. This inherent propertymakes SPR well suited for nondestruc-tive studies of surfaces, interfaces, andvery thin layers. The work we havepioneered on characterizing conductingpolymer, namely polyaniline is at avery early stage. However this has avery promising future in the develop-ment of optical sensor based on the thinlayer polyaniline films, as well asphotonic devices such as polymer-based light emitting diode.Literature cited in the textRaether, H. (1977) Physics of thin films vol9. Academic press, New York.Mohamed Radzi Abdul Wahab and W.Mahmood Mat Yunus. (1999). Kertasdibentangkan diPersidangan SerantauSains Keadaan Pepejal XVI 29 November-1 Disember 1999, Pulau Pinang.Mohamed Radzi Abdul Wahab, W.Mahmood Mat Yunus, Anuar Kasim,Zainul Abidin Hassan and Mohd MaarofMoksin (1999). Kertas dibentangkandiPostgraduate Seminar. Jabatan Fizik, 15Julai 1999.Mohamed Radzi Abdul Wahab. W.Mahmood Mat Yunus, Anuar kasim danMohd Maarof Moksin (1999). Kertasdibentangkan diPersidangan SerantauSains Keadaan Pepejal XV, 13-15Disember 1998, Bagan Laiang, Selangor.Project Publications inRefereed JournalsMahmood Mat Yunus, W.•Mohd MaarofMoksin, and Rosmiza Mokhtar. 1997.Surface Plasmon Study for Detection ofEthanol in Water and Moisture Content ofHevea Latex. Technical Digest(Refereed), CLEO-The Pacific RimConference On Laser and Electro-Optics.pp.236-237.Mahmood Mat Yunus, W.•RosmizaMokhtar, Mohd Maarof Moksin, ChongBoon Pengoand Lee Woei Yeh. OpticalSensor Based on Surface PlasmonResonance Measurements. Asean Journalon Science and Technology forDevelopment. 17(2): 31-38.Physical SciencesMahmood Mat Yunus, W., Zainal AbidinTalib, Mohd Maarof Moksin, AzmiZakaria, and Sambles, J.R. 1996. SurfacePlasmons Oscillation and Guided LightModes in Organic-dielectric GratingWaveguided. Buletin Sains & TeknologiKeadaan Pepejal Malaysia. 6(2): 105-113.Mahmood Mat Yunus, W., Zainal AbidinTalib, Mohd Maarof Moksin, Zaidan Abd.Wahab, Rosmiza Mokhtar, and AzmiZakaria. 1996. An Annealing Effect onthe Surface Modes Supported by GoldThin Film Deposited on SiliconSubstrates - A Computer SimulationBased on ATR Technique. Bulletin S & TKead. Pej. Mal. 6: 17 -24.Mahmood Mat Yunus, W.1995.Perbandingan Fenomena Plasmonpolariton Permukaan MenggunakanKaedah Gandingan Prisma danGandingan Grating. J Fiz. Mal. 16: 169-174.Mahmood Mat Yunus, W.l997. PenguatanParutan Terhadap Mod-modElektromagnet pada Pandu GelombangOrganik Tripalmitin. Pertanika J. Sci. &Technol. 5(2),201-209.Mahmood Mat Yunus,W. 1996. PencirianPlasmon-polariton Permukaan MelaluiGandingan Parutan, Pertanika J. Sci.&Technol. 4(2): 221-230.Rosmiza Mokhtar, and Mahmood MatYunus, W. 1999. Determination ofRefractive Index of Palm Oil Using aSurface Plasmon Resonance Technique.Solid State Science & Technology. 8(1 &2): 86-92.Rosmiza Mokhtar, and Mahmood MatYunus, W. 1999. Optical Characterizationof Thin Film Using Surface PlasmonResonance J. Solid St. Sci. & Technol.Letters. 7(1 & 2): 56-62.Rosmiza Mokhtar, Mahmood Mat Yunus,W., Mohd Maarof Moksin, Zainal AbidinTalib, Azmi Zakaria, and Lee Seng Yap1998. Determination of the RefractiveIndex Using ATR Surface PlasmonResonance. Sci. Int. (Lahore) 10(3): 1-3.Rosmiza Mokhtar, Mohd Maarof Moksin,dan Mahmood Mat Yunus, W. 2000.Pencirian Resonan Plasmon Permukaandan Pengunaan Saput Tipis Emas sebagaiLapisan Aktif Sensor Optik. Pertanika, J.Sci. Technol. 8(1): 1-14.Project Publications inConference ProceedingsMahmood Mat Yunus, W. and MohdMaarof Moksin. 1997. Determination ofDielectric Constant of OrganicTripalmitin Layer by Surface PlasmonResonance and Guided Modes of aGrating Waveguide. Technical Digest(Refereed), 2nd Optoelectronics &Communications Conference 1997. pp.324-343.Rosmiza Mokhtar, Zainul Abidin Hassan,and Mahmood Mat Yunus, W. 2001. AStudy of H,S Effect on Gold SurfaceUsing Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)Measurements. Technical Digest(Refereed), CLEO-The 4th Pacific RimConference On Laser and Electro-Optics.2: 222-223.Graduate ResearchMohamad Radzi Abdul Wahab. (On going).Surface Plasmon Study of Polyaniline andOptical gas sensor [PhD]. Universiti PutraMalaysia.Rosmiza Mokhtar. (On going). SurfacePlasmon Sensor using GratingCoupler.[PhD]. Universiti Putra Malaysia.Rosmiza Mokhtar. 1998. PengukuranPernalar Dielektrik Logam dan Cecair[MS]. Universiti Putra Malaysia.339

Development, characterization and evaluation of surface plasmon resonance optical sensors

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Development, characterization and evaluation of surface plasmon resonance optical sensors

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