The effect of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) as additive to Zn-MgO electrolytic chemical

bath coating by co-deposition on carbon steel was investigated. Weight loss was

conducted on the electrodeposited mild steel and it was inspected. The anti corrosion

properties were assessed by linear polarization procedure in 1 mole of HCl medium.

From the results gotten, all deposited coatings displayed significant improvement. An

amazing improvement was accomplished in every one of the coatings as against the

as-received sample. Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.8V) with the best performing coating showing

an upgrade indicates enhanced anti-wear and friction qualities displaying wear

resistance improvement

Abdulwahab, M

Ademuyiwa, F.

AKANDE, I.G

Ayoola, A. A.

Babalola, P.O.

Banjo, SolomonO.

Fashola, O. J.

Fayomi, J.

Fayomi, O. S. I

Joseph, O. O

Joshua, T.O

Loto, C. A.

Popoola, A. P. I.

Samuel, O.D.

Sanni, T.F.

English

Covenant University Repository

Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesPAPER • OPEN ACCESSSurface Protection of Carbon Steel with ZrO2 Composite Induced ZincBased Electrolytic cell via Electrodeposition TechniqueTo cite this article: O. S. I. Fayomi et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1378 032071 View the article online for updates and enhancements.This content was downloaded from IP address 165.73.192.254 on 21/05/2020 at 14:59Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Published under licence by IOP Publishing LtdInternational Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320711Surface Protection of Carbon Steel with ZrO2 Composite Induced Zinc Based Electrolytic cell via Electrodeposition Technique  O. S. I. Fayomi1, 2, O.O. Joseph 1, O. J. Fashola 1 , A.P.I. Popoola2 , C.A. Loto 1, 2,  O.D. Samuel3,  S.O.  Banjo 1,   I.G. Akande4, T.O. Joshua6,   M. Abdulwahab6, O.P. Babalola1 F. Ademuyiwa1, A, A. Ayoola7, T. Sanni2, J. Fayomi2  1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B  X680, Pretoria, South Africa 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria 5Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria  6Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic, Itakpe-Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria  7Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Nigeria                            Abstract-  The effect of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) as additive to Zn-MgO electrolytic chemical bath coating by co-deposition on carbon steel was investigated.  Weight loss was conducted on the electrodeposited mild steel and it was inspected. The anti corrosion properties were assessed by linear polarization procedure in 1 mole of HCl medium. From the results gotten, all deposited coatings displayed significant improvement. An amazing improvement was accomplished in every one of the coatings as against the as-received sample. Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.8V) with the best performing coating showing an upgrade indicates enhanced anti-wear and friction qualities displaying wear resistance improvement.   Key Words: Coating; Zirconium dioxide; Carbon steel; Electrodeposition    1.     Introduction Corrosion threats causes plant shutdowns, misuse of significant assets, lessening in effectiveness and exorbitant upkeep of machinery [1]. It likewise imperils wellbeing and represses mechanical advance [2]. All the more, the interest in fossil powers has developed rapidly which add to rising corrosion challenges with potential catastrophes that can bring about significant issues including negative social effects, water assets and natural contamination. Corrosion issues in the oil fields division additionally happen at all phases from down hole to surface hardware and processing facilities prompting repetitive fractional and possible process shutdown, bringing about serious financial misfortunes. The other vast issue in working channel corrosion for the most part is because of stress corrosion cracking [3]. [4] established that the advantages of electro-deposition particularly zinc coating over other coatings are consistently of  multifaceted shapes, decline of waste in deposition techniques, low tainting levels, constant and high production rates, sensible startup capital venture required among others. Electrodeposition of zinc with different composites produced, are materials that persevere through the demonstration of corrosive chloride particles, natural solvents and other high temperature stress. Electrodeposition of zinc on steel are broadly utilized for corrosion prevention because of their monetary significance and cost proficiency [5-10] International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320712 2.    Experiment Procedures 2.1 Materials  Sectioned rectangle mild steel plate used for this experiment was of dimension 40mm x 30 mm x2 mm.  Steel composition  are presented in Table 1.  The anode is  99.9 % pure zinc. The MgO and ZrO2 powder were also certified pure. The mild steel was polished with emery papers, pickled with 10 % HCl and then rinsed in distilled water.  Table 1.  Wt. % of mild steel  Element         Mn        C      S         Si        P        Ni       Al            Fe Composition  0.43   0.16  0.033   0.16    0.02   0.008  0.007         Bal.  2.2   Electrodeposition Process The summaries of bath formulation are presented in Table 2. The electrodeposition was carried out at a pH of 5.6, voltage of 0.6/ 0.8V and deposition time of 15 minutes. The anodes (zinc) and cathode (mild steel) were connected to the positive and negative terminal of the rectifier (power supply) respectively. The cathode was positioned equidistance from the anodes and the deposition was achieved at the current density of 2 A/cm2. A stirring rate of 250 rpm was applied throughout the deposition process so as ensure homogeneous dispersion of the particles on the surface of the steel. The stirring also assists the fast movement of the ions to the deposition sites and consequently resulting in fast deposition of the particles and quick exchange of ions. The electrodeposition parameters and weight gain by the samples were obtained after the coating and these are presented in Table 3. Table 2: Bath Formulation   Composition Mass concentration (g/L) ZnCl 70 KCl 5 Boric Acid 10 MgO 15 MgCl2.6H2O Thiourea NaCl pH Voltage Time 15 5 5 5.6 0.6/ 0.8V 15 min.       Table 3: Coating Parameters for Zn-MgO/-ZrO2 Deposition  International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320713         2.3   Electrochemical property testing The coatings tendency to corrode was studied employing linear polarization experiment and weight loss. The linear polarization experiment was carried out employing Autolab potentiostat (PGSTAT30 computer controlled) in a simulated 0.5 M HCl solution. The coated samples were made the working electrodes while the graphite rod and a silver/silver chloride 3 M KCl were the counter and reference electrode respectively. The working electrodes mounted on resin were immersed in the test medium and the corrosion parameters were obtained from –1.5 V to 1.5 V. Weight loss experiment runs for the duration of 6 days (approximately 144 hours). 3.     Results and Discussion 3.1   Corrosion resistance of deposit film The electrochemical parameters are shown in Table 4. It is significant to note that the Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.6V) coating possesses the lowest current density of   1.0052E-7 A/cm2 and corrosion rate of 0.0010482 (mm/yr). The low values of the current density and corrosion rate recorded are indication that  Zn-MgO-ZrO2 film minimized the penetration of chloride ion into the steel’s  active sites . The Tafel plot in figure 1 also unveiled that Zn-MgO-ZrO2 coating exhibits substantially good corrosion resistance.       Table 4: Polarization data of the deposit film    Sample  Icorr (A/cm2)  RP   Ecorr (V)                 CR (mm/yr) As-received 7.04E-02 2.7600 -1.53900 4.1 Zn-MgO (0.6V) 4.0728E-7 23515 -1.0652 0.0042209 Zn-MgO (0.8V) 8.0849E-7 50881 -0.64345 0.0083613     Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.6V) 1.0052E-7 34017 -0.70456 0.0010482     Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.8V) 2.1701E-7 12213 -0.46751 0.0022446  Sample Time (min) Weight Gain (g) Voltage  (V) Zn-MgO 15 0.0342 0.6 Zn-MgO 15 0.0483 0.8 Zn-MgO-ZrO2 15 0.3091 0.6 Zn-MgO-ZrO2 15 0.1833 0.8 International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320714 Figure 1: Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves for Zn-MgO/-ZrO2 Deposition 3.2     Corrosion Rate and Weight loss The weight loss of the coatings  immersed in HCl for a period of 6 days are shown in figure 2. From the graph, it can noticed that there is heavy weight loss in the first 2 days in all specimen. It was also noticed  that  the specimen with Zirconium (ZrO2) and 0.8V potential was least affected  followed by  the other specimen with Zirconium (ZrO2) and 0.6V potential. The specimens without Zirconium exhibit higher weight loss  Figure 2: Weight loss Vs. exposure time in HCl    Corrosion Rate (Cr) =    . ×  × ×                                                                                               (1) International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320715Where: W, D, T, A are Weight Loss (g), Density of Alloy (g/cm), Time (Hours)  and Area (cm2)  respectively.           Inhibitor Efficiency % (IE) =	 	 × 100       (2) Where: Wb, Wi are Weight loss without and with inhibitor respectively  The corrosion rate vs. exposure time results in Figure 3 is interrelated with the results in figure 2 as corrosion rate is inversely proportional to the weight loss. The rate of corrosion of the steel was calculated  using equation 1 [10]. Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.8V) coating displays the least corrosion rate.                     Figure 3: Corrosion rate Vs. exposure time in HCl  The corresponding coating efficiency vs. the exposure time results are presented in figure 4. The coating efficiency was computed using equation 2 [11]. The plot indicates that Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.8V) coating possesses higher coating efficiency compared to other samples. International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320716                      Figure 4: Coating efficiency Vs.  exposure time  in HCl  4.    Conclusion  The Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.6V) coating exhibits the highest degree of passivity during the linear potentiodynamic experiment but the Zn-MgO-ZrO2 (0.6V) coating was slightly better during the weight loss experiment  The coating efficiency improved based on the characteristics of the addition of Zirconium and voltage potential  those having Zirconium additives having better coating efficiency with relation to its voltage potential.  The weight loss resistance improved based on the characteristics of the addition of Zirconium and voltage potential  those having Zirconium additives having better weight loss resistance with relation to its voltage potential.   Acknowledgements  Covenant University is appreciated for publication support.  References [1]   Abdulwahab, M., Fayomi, O. S. I., Popoola, A. P. I., & Dodo, M. R. (2017). Results        in Physics In-situ hybrid study of thermal behaviour of Zn A Ni and Zn – Ni-Al 2         nanocrystallite thin films induced TEA / MEA by electrocodeposition. Results in        Physics, 7, 213–215 [2]  Abou-krisha, M. M., Alshammari, A. G., Assaf, F. H., & El-sheref, F. A. (2015).        Electrochemical behavior of Zn – Co – Fe alloy electrodeposited from a sulfate bath        on various substrate materials. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 0–7.  [3]  Anawe, P. A. L., Fayomi, O. S. I., & Popoola, A. P. I. (2017). Results in Physics        Investigation of microstructural and physical characteristics of nano composite tin        oxide-doped Al 3 + in Zn 2 + based composite coating by DAECD technique. Results in        Physics, 7, 777–788.   [4]  Rashmi, S., Elias, L., & Hegde, A. C. (2016). Engineering Science and Technology ,         an International Journal Multilayered Zn-Ni alloy coatings for better corrosion International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable WorldJournal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (2019) 032071IOP Publishingdoi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/0320717        protection of mild steel. Engineering Science and Technology, an International        Journal, 0–5.  [5]   Fayomi, O. S. I., Popoola, A. P. I., Kanyane, L. R., & Monyai, T. (2017). Results in          Physics Development of reinforced in-situ anti-corrosion and wear Zn-TiO2 / ZnTiB2          coatings on mild steel. Results in Physics, 7, 644–650.  [6]  Fernandez, J., Isalgue, A., Cinca, N., Dosta, S., & Ventayol, J. (2010). Wear and        corrosion of metal-matrix ( stainless steel or NiTi ) -TiC coatings. Physics Procedia,        10, 77–80.  [7]  Assaf, F. H. (2016). 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Surface Protection of Carbon Steel with ZrO2 Composite

Induced Zinc Based Electrolytic cell via Electrodeposition

Technique

http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/13330/1/Fayomi_2019_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._1378_032071.pdf

Surface Protection of Carbon Steel with ZrO2 Composite Induced Zinc Based Electrolytic cell via Electrodeposition Technique

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