AJAYI, PRISCILLA OLUWATOYIN

Covenant University, Theses

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  DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOUD BASED HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CLINIC   BY   AJAYI PRISCILLA OLUWATOYIN  MATRIC NO.: 04CG01130    A PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAMME), COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA NIGERIA.  IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSC) DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE     JUNE, 2017    II  ACCEPTANCE This is to attest that this dissertation was accepted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Masters of Science in Computer Science in the Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria.   Philip John Ainwokhai              ..…………………………….. (Secretary, School of Postgraduate Studies)     Signature & Date     Prof. Samuel T. Wara      ……………………………… (Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies)     Signature & Date III   CERTIFICATION This is to certify that AJAYI PRISCILLA OLUWATOYIN (Matric No: 04CG01130) carried out this research work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Masters of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Computer Science of Covenant University, Ota, under of Professor Nicholas Omoregbe:    Professor Nicholas Omoregbe     ……...……………………… (Project Supervisor)        Signature and Date      Dr. Oladipupo Olufunke      ……...……………………… (Head of Department)        Signature and Date  IV  DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this research work titled ―DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOUD BASED HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CLINIC‖ was undertaken by AJAYI PRISCILLA OLUWATOYIN. It is based on the original study in the Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Ota, Ogun State, under the supervision of Professor Nicholas Omoregbe and the ideas and views of other researchers have been dully expressed and acknowledged.    Ajayi Priscilla Oluwatoyin      ……...………………………  (Student)        Signature and Date          V  DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to God Almighty, the Omnipotent and Omniscient, the giver of life and the ingenious architect of my destiny for His faithfulness, tender-mercies and graciousness towards me.                  VI  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to God, my father and friend, the author of wisdom and understanding for His faithfulness and generous endowments of grace that saw me through my master’s studies. My deep and sincere appreciation goes to the Chancellor, Dr. David Oyedepo and the Board of Reagents of Covenant University for the vision and mission of the University. Also special thanks to the Vice Chancellor (VC), Prof. A.A.A Atayero, the immediate past Vice-Chancellor Professor Charles Korede Ayo, the Registrar Mrs. Mary Aboyade and the management for their unwavering commitments to the pursuit of excellence and sound academic scholarship. This work would not have been completed without the contribution of some persons. I therefore seize this opportunity to thank them.  First, I want to thank my supervisor, Prof. Nicholas Omoregbe, for his insightful supervision and contributions towards the completion of this work. Secondly, I wish to thank all my senior colleagues within and outside the department who contributed their insights, expertise and time to making this work a reality. Finally, I will not fail to mention my loving husband, Mr. Kolawole Ajayi, my parents, Engr. & Mrs. M.O. Akande, for their continuous support and encouragement that has propelled me to always pursue excellence.        VII  TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................................................. ii CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... iii DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ xii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................................ 5 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ............................................................... 5 1.4 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 6 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................. 6 1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY ..................................................................................................... 8 1.7 PROJECT OUTLINE ................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 10 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................... 10 VIII  2.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1 HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS .................................................................... 11 2.2 CLOUD BASED HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS ....................................... 17 2.3 ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CARE .............................................................. 21 2.4 EXISTING SYSTEMS IN HIS .................................................................................. 21 2.5 CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING TO HEALTHCARE .......................... 28 2.6 SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING TO HEALTHCARE 31 2.7 HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ANTENATAL IN AFRICA ................. 32 2.8 SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 37 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 39 SYSTEM MODELLING AND DESIGN ................................................................................. 39 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 39 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ....................................................... 39 3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE NEW SYSTEM ....................................................................... 40 3.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR THE ANTENATAL & POSTNATAL CLINIC SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 53 3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 54 3.6 CLASS DIAGRAM .................................................................................................... 67 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................................. 68 4.1 TOOLS USED FOR DEVELOPMENT..................................................................... 68 IX  4.2 THE PORTAL PROTOTYPE AND USER INTERFACE ........................................ 68 4.3 USABILITY EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM ...... 74 CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 86 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 86 5.1 SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 86 5.2 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 87 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FURTHER WORKS ............................................... 87 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 94 Questionare................................................................................................................................ 94   X  LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Data flows generated by the pilot e-Health system at Chelsea and Westminster hospital (London). ......................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3.1: Use Case of Patients with manual interaction with the System ................................. 44 Figure 3.2: Use Case of the Record Officer with the System ....................................................... 45 Figure 3.4: Use Case of the CMD with the System ...................................................................... 48 Figure 3.6: Context Data Flow Diagram of the Antenatal and Postnatal Clinic System .............. 51 Figure 3.7 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for the Antenatal /Postnatal Clinic System .................... 52 Figure 3.8: Activity Diagram for the System................................................................................ 53 Figure 3.9: Hierarchical Diagram of the Antenatal and Postnatal Clinic System ........................ 54 Figure 3.10: System Architecture of the Antenatal/Postnatal Clinic System ............................... 59 Figure 3.11: Data-flow diagram of the Cloud-based HIS for Antenatal/Postnatal Clinic System 61 Figure 3.12: Activity Diagram of the whole Antenatal Clinic System ......................................... 62 Figure 3.13: Activity Diagram of a Patient’s Registration ........................................................... 63 Figure 3.14: Activity for Antenatal Clinic Regular Checkups ..................................................... 64 Figure 3.15: Flowchart for SMS Notifications/Pregnancy Tips ................................................... 65 Figure 3.16: Flowchart of Consultation ........................................................................................ 66 Figure 3.17: Class Diagram showing the main classes and the interaction among users ............. 67 Figure 4.3: Screenshot for Quick Registration Page ..................................................................... 70 Fugure 4.4 Screenshot for Patient Registration ............................................................................ 71 Figure 4.5 Screenshot for Add or Delete Page ............................................................................. 72 XI  Figure 4.7 Screenshot for Seminal Page ....................................................................................... 73 Figure 4.8 Screenshot for Web service for integration page ........................................................ 74 Figure 4.9: Simplicity Analysis .................................................................................................... 80 Figure 4.10: Completeness Analysis............................................................................................. 81 Figure 4.11: Navigation Analysis ................................................................................................. 81 Figure 4.12: Satisfaction Analysis ................................................................................................ 82 Figure 4.13: Hypertext Structure Analysis ................................................................................... 83 Figure 4.14: Memorability Analysis ............................................................................................. 83 Figure 4.15: Self Evidence Analysis ............................................................................................. 84 Figure 4.16: Consistency Analysis ............................................................................................... 84  XII  LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Trends in Technology with respect to Healthcare Delivery ........................................ 12 Table 2.2: Summary of existing cloud based HIS ........................................................................ 24 Table 2.3: Summary of existing cloud based HIS in Africa ......................................................... 27 Table 3.1: Requirement and Description ...................................................................................... 42 Table 3.2: Module and Requirement Supported ........................................................................... 42 Table 3.3: Login Table .................................................................................................................. 55 Table 3.4: Consultant Table .......................................................................................................... 56 Table 3.5: Records_Officer Table ................................................................................................. 56 Table 3.6: Patients Table............................................................................................................... 56 Table 3.7: Appointments Table..................................................................................................... 57 Table 4.1: Skill of Participants in the Use of Software................................................................. 76 Table 4.2: Computer Literacy of the Participants ......................................................................... 77 Table 4.3: Devices used to access the HIS ................................................................................... 77 Table 4.4: Activities of tasks carried out. ..................................................................................... 77 Table 4.5: Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Questionnaire Data ............................................... 78 Table 4.6: SPSS Test Cases .......................................................................................................... 79 Table 4.7: Cronbach’s Alpha ........................................................................................................ 79 Table 4.8: Usability Attribute Ratings .......................................................................................... 85  XIII  ABSTRACT Medicinal services are an exceedingly perplexing and divided industry. It is novel in that it must support a boundless, differing proficient client populace (healthcare practitioners) with patients in life basic circumstances. The business is at present confronting becoming monetary and administrative weights that make its IT foundation ready for radical change. In blend, these two components recommend that associations in the wellbeing business should investigate the potential advantages of distributed computing. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Nigeria has consistently been above 800 per 100,000 live births over the last two decades. A major challenge in these settings relates to the quality and promptness of antenatal and/or postnatal care given. Recent advancements in technology, notably Health Information Systems (HIS), have helped in the response to many of these challenges. In Africa, and indeed Nigeria, there is yet a comprehensive HIS that cuts across health sector that can address these issues.   This project was sought to design a Cloud Based Antenatal and Postnatal Clinic System of a HIS to assist in efficient utilization of material and human resources and enhance quality of delivery of health services, geared towards improving maternal health. Requirements gathering for the system were conducted through a study of Antenatal and Postnatal Clinic Systems of existing Cloud Based HIS in order to ensure harmonization of medical data in Nigeria and Africa, through the adoption of the system based on requirements gathered. This was achieved through the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). And to implement, the system was based on an established architecture, Enterprise Architectural Framework. HTML5; Apache Server, PHP, MySQL, XML and JavaScript were used as tools for development and the system was also evaluated through administering of questionnaires. This project work showed the need for government to get involved in keeping the medical records of its citizens, which would allow patients and hospital to trust the workability of inetroprability in health information system. Keyword: Service-oriented Architecture, Cloud Computing, Health Information System, Antenatal, Postnatal 

DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOUD BASED HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR

ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CLINIC

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DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOUD BASED HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CLINIC

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