The use of enzymes as biological catalysts has gained increasing importance in industries. Although
enzymes can be obtained from plant and animal origin, microbial enzymes have several advantages over enzymes
derived from other sources. Due to the high cost of separation of enzymes from product, the instability of enzymes
and reduced enzyme activity, several strategies are now been explored to develop immobilized enzymes.
Immobilized enzymes have been produced by cell immobilization techniques. Immobilized enzymes have found
several industrial applications where they provide the advantages of easy separation of the enzyme from the product,
reuse of the enzyme, convenient handling, high stability under extreme physical and chemical conditions, being
applicable for all types of reactors with varied interior design, and provides easier process control. However, despite
these advantages, enzyme immobilization techniques continue to pose some challenges. These challenges
notwithstanding, the development of industrial by-products based on immobilization techniques is very promising
