BACKGROUND: The uterine cervix represents an exceptional localization of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA). Most commonly, endocervical tumors with such morphology are metastatic from the breast or gastrointestinal tract while primary pure or almost pure tumors are extremely rare. No previous case of primary pure endocervical SRCA with follow-up longer than three years has been found in the literature. CASE REPORT: The present report describes such a case of a 46-year-old woman without evidence of recurrence eight years after the diagnosis. The patient was referred to the Gynecology Department for persistent abnormal vaginal bleeding of three months duration. Specular examination and colposcopy revealed a cervical polypoid lesion occupying the posterior lip of the cervix and protruding from the external uterine orifice. A biopsy of the lesion was interpreted by the pathologist as SRCA. An extensive search for an extrapelvic primary cancer was undertaken but revealed no evidence of malignancy. The patient underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic and paraaortic lymph node sampling for FIGO Stage 1B1 cervical cancer without any adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy. The histological diagnosis showed neoplastic signet-ring cells confined in the head of the cervical polyps with minimal stromal infiltration. After surgery the patient underwent close followup including periodic cervicovaginal smears, bimanual vaginal examination, complete laboratory tests, ultrasound and abdominopelvic computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic relevance of primitive pure SRCA in the uterine cervix is unclear because of the relatively small number of cases. However the two early deaths out of six reported cases and the absence of follow-up longer than three years for the other affected patients, seem to suggest an aggressive behavior. The present case represents an exceptional long-term survival, probably related to an early diagnosis and a prominent polypoid growth of the neoplasia outside the uterus
