The article examinesthe ancient caravan and overland routesthat passed through Saryarka and other areasof the Kazakh Steppe.The purposeof the study isto investigatethe caravan routesof the Late and Medieval periods that passed throughthe western partof Saryarka, particularlythe Turgai Steppe. The paper revealsthe historical significanceof the Ulytau—Turgai Steppe asan important link between Siberia and Central Asia since ancient times, providing data on 19th century caravan routes. The articlealso analyzesseveral medieval historical eventsassociated with these routes, such as Tamerlane's campaign against Khan Tokhtamysh in 1391,the Sibanid campaign againstthe Ulytau in 1582, and the journeyof the Italian ambassador Rubruk in1252—1253.The author demonstrates that these events followed the same route, particularlythe section passing through Betpakdala. Based on this research, the author proposes a new perspective on Guillaume de Rubruck's journey throughthe Kazakh Steppe.The caravan and overland trailshave been mapped andare presented for studyby the historical community. The study employedthe methodologiesof field ethnography and comparative historical analysis
