Bjørnevik, K

Cortese, M

Holmøy, T

Kampman, Mt

Magalhaes, S

Myhr, K. M.

Pugliatti, Maura

Riise, T

Wolfson, C

Background: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis
(MS), although it remains unknown whether this relationship varies by age.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between vitamin D3 supplementation through cod liver oil at different postnatal ages and MS risk.
Methods: In the Norwegian component of the multinational case-control study Environmental Factors In
Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS), a total of 953 MS patients with maximum disease duration of 10 years and
1717 controls reported their cod liver oil use from childhood to adulthood.
Results: Self-reported supplement use at ages 13–18 was associated with a reduced risk of MS (OR 0.67,
95% CI 0.52–0.86), whereas supplementation during childhood was not found to alter MS risk (OR 1.01,
95% CI 0.81–1.26), each compared to non-use during the respective period. An inverse association was
found between MS risk and the dose of cod liver oil during adolescence, suggesting a dose-response relationship (p trend = 0.001) with the strongest effect for an estimated vitamin D3 intake of 600–800 IU/d
(OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.70).
Conclusions: These findings not only support the hypothesis relating to low vitamin D as a risk factor for
MS, but further point to adolescence as an important susceptibility period for adult-onset M

Cortese M

Riise T

Bjørnevik K

Holmøy T

Kampman MT

Magalhaes S

PUGLIATTI, Maura

Wolfson C

Myhr K.M.

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Ferrara

Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

https://iris.unife.it/bitstream/11392/2328025/1/1352458515578770.pdf

Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

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Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Ferrara