This paper presents a synthesis of published and unpublished studies on medieval natural and archaeological sites of Emilia Romagna where xylological remains of plants potentially used in human diet where found. A total of 481 xylological remains were collected from 2 natural deposits (buried forests) and 14 archeaological sites of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena, Ravenna and Reggio Emilia provinces. Xylological flora consisted of 25 taxa (23 Deciduous Broadleaves and 2 Conifers). The potential interest of these xylological remains for human diet consists in their capacity to produce edible seeds and fruits
