Ženske v Cankarjevih romanih in nedokončani roman Marta

Abstract

Today, the position of women both in European reality and in novels is similar to the position of real and fictional women at the beginning of the 20th century, so the discussion not only analysed the main female characters in Cankar’s novels, but also interpreted the construction of their identity, actualised through the prism of repatriarchalisation. Of Cankar’s ten novels, women are the main characters in as many as seven of them, and their image ranges from the conservative ambivalence of the saint-adulteress to the modern freedom seeker and restless traveller. Of all the characters in the novels, Francka is the most famous, a symbol of the suffering mother and the Slovenian nation as a whole. Her partial mythologising and idealisation preserves some stereotypical representations of women, which are obviously modernised in the novel Gospa Judit: Judit is Cankar’s most modern female character. Milena in the novel Milan and Milena is also characterised by innovative characteristics, which is an expression of the androgynous principle, a frequent solution to the re-evaluation of gender roles in “moderna” movement, while Marta is the strongest female character, also because of her androgyny: she is active, selfconfident and has common sense. If Cankar had finished the novel Marta, Slovenian literature would have been richer for another multifaceted female character. In his ten novels, Ivan Cankar not only criticised the conservative attitude towards women, but also criticised unjust capitalism as a whole, especially the perverse attitude towards children’s work and various sexual abuses.Danes je položaj ženske v evropski realnosti in romanih podoben položaju resnične in fikcijske ženske na začetku 20. stoletja, zato razprava ni samo analizirala glavnih ženskih likov v Cankarjevih romanih, ampak je interpretirala tudi konstrukcijo njihove identitete, aktualizirano skozi prizmo repatriarhializacije. Od desetih Cankarjevih romanov so ženske glavni liki kar v sedmih, njihova podoba pa se giblje od konservativne ambivalence svetnica – prešuštnica do moderne iskalke svobode in nemirne popotnice. Od vseh romanesknih likov je najbolj znana Francka kot simbol trpeče matere in slovenskega naroda. Njena delna mitologizacija in idealizacija ohranjata nekatere stereotipne predstave ženske, ki so očitno modernizirane že v romanu Gospa Judit: Judit je namreč najmodernejši Cankarjev ženski lik. Inovativne poteze zaznamujejo tudi Mileno v romanu Milan in Milena, ki je ubeseditev androginega principa, te pogoste rešitve prevrednotenja spolnih vlog v moderni, medtem ko je Marta najmočnejši ženski lik tudi zaradi androginosti: je zdravorazumarsko aktivna in samozavestna. Če bi Cankar roman Marta dokončal, bi bila slovenska književnost bogatejša še za en večplasten ženski lik. V svojih desetih romanih Ivan Cankar ni kritiziral samo konservativnega odnosa do žensk, ampak kar krivični kapitalizem v celoti, predvsem perverzni odnos do otroškega dela ter različne spolne zlorabe