Nodular thyroid disease is defined by the presence of thyroid nodules of solid, liquid or mixed consistency, whether palpable or not. It can present as a solitary thyroid nodule or diffuse and multinodular goiters. It represents a growing entity, with serious repercussions in humans, and constitutes a challenge for the surgeon. The present study was carried out with the aim of describing the diagnosis and treatment of nodular thyroid disease from a surgical approach. A search for information was carried out in the SciELO, Redalyc and Amelica databases, selecting 44 bibliographic sources. A correct physical examination, a detailed anamnesis, as well as imaging, laboratory and pathological anatomy tests allow an accurate diagnosis, which guarantees the development of a correct medical or surgical therapy, ensuring a high survival rat
