Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be
considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and CO2 emission
regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g., photovoltaic
systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the
main grid stability. A system with multiple energy sources represents an efficient solution,
by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and
conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are a wider
energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid, the purpose of this paper is to propose
the best technology combination for electricity generation from a mix of renewable energy
resources to satisfy the electrical needs. The paper identifies the optimal off-grid option
and compares this with conventional grid extension, through the use of HOMER software.
The solution obtained shows that a hybrid combination of renewable energy generators at
an off-grid location can be a cost-effective alternative to grid extension and it is sustainable,
techno-economically viable, and environmentally sound. The results show how this innovative
energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40%
and 25%, respectively, and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the
multi-energy system taken as the case study has been optimized through the utilization of
three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, flywheels, and micro—Compressed Air
Energy Storage (C.A.E.S.)