B. Donfack

G. B. Djeunang Dongho

G. Russo

J. Fokam

J.-F. Onohio

M. Sanou Sobze

P. M. Nkamedjie Pete

V. Colizzi

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

English

J. F. Onohiol

DJEUNANG DONGHO, GHYSLAINE BRUNA

RUSSO, Gianluca

Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza

HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonian University: case of the University of Dschang

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa HIV infection remains largely epidemic, whereas HBV infection is highly endemic (&gt; 8%). In Cameroon, HIV and HBV prevalence is 4.3% and ≥ 10% respec- tively. Teenagers and young adults, including university students, are the population groups mostly affected. Epidemiological data on HIV and HBV infection among university students could be helpful to implement specific prevention strategies.
Methods &amp; Materials: A descriptive study was performed in May 2013 among 624 students from the University of Dschang, Cameroon. Participants were screened for HIV and HBV infection and a standard questionnaire was administered.
Results: The average age of participants was 23.3 years ( = 3.2) with a female predominance (58.7%). The observed prevalence of HIV and HBV infection was 1.1% (7/624) and 2.8% (5/176) respectively. 83.2% of participants were sexually active. Concerning sexual risky behaviours, participants reported having multipart- ners (10.9%), using condom regularly (36.4%) or occasionally (58.5%). 100% and 62.8% reported to be aware on HIV or HBV infec- tion respectively. In addition, 64.4% and 5.5% of the participants were aware of their HIV or HBV status respectively. The excessive cost of HBsAg has been identified as the major barrier to testing (87.6%).
Conclusion: Among college Cameroonian students the preva- lence of HIV and HBV infection seems to be relatively low if compared to general population. Anyhow, having multiple sexual partner together with the non systematic use of condom dur- ing sexual intercourse represent risky behaviours among students. Awareness campaigns and screening facilitation on HBV infection among students need to be strengthened

HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonian university context: Case of the University of Dschang

Directory of Open Access Journals

Sobze, M. Sanou

Onohio, J.-F.

Fokam, J.

Donfack, B.

Pete, P. M. Nkamedjie

Dongho, G. B. Djeunang

Colizzi, V.

Russo, G.

Elsevier - Publisher Connector 

16th ICID Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21S (2014) 1–460 57
using theCLCGenomicsWorkbenchV6.0.1.Genomesweremapped
against the annotated M. Tuberculosis H37Rv (Sanger Institute)
as the reference genome and Quality-based Variant Detection
analysis was performed to determine any differences in the resis-
tance associated genes (mutated) compared to the reference
genome (wild-type). Analysis was performed on genes associ-
atedwith rifampicin, isoniazid, ﬂuoroquinilones and pyrazinimide.
High probability mutations were identiﬁed using the TBDREAM
database.
Results: Samples sequenced had an average depth ofmore than
40x coverage with Q-scores greater 30 and achieving more than
99.9% coverage of the genes of interest. Correlation between the
phenotypic and the genotypic method was excellent.
Conclusion: The use ofWGS for the detection of drug resistance
is fairly rapid and accurate with comprehensive information for
several genetic targets at once. This may become a resourceful tool
to determine ideal therapy of patients infectedwithM. tuberculosis.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.537
Type: Oral Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 27.002
Session: HIV and Tuberculosis
Date: Friday, April 4, 2014
Time: 15:45-17:45
Room: Room 2.60
Characteristics and treatment outcomes of MDR
tuberculosis in Taiwan
M.-C. Yu1, H.-Y. Chen2, S.-H. Chien1, R. Jou2,∗
1 Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University,
Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
2 Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Background: In Taiwan, the MDR-TB among new TB cases was
1%, and 6% in retreated TB cases. Facing the challenge of MDR-TB,
a designated government-organized and hospital-initiated with an
enhanced direct observed treatment program was implemented in
May2007 toprovidepatient-centered care andbettermanagement
for MDR-TB cases. In this study, we investigated characteristics of
MDR-TB cases notiﬁed in 2007-2009 in northern Taiwan and iden-
tiﬁed possible risk factors associated with treatment outcomes.
Methods & Materials: In 2007-2009, 151 MDR-TB cases were
conﬁrmed. Demographic, clinical characteristics of patients and
bacteriological and genetic data of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains were analyzed. The treatment outcome at 30 months was
evaluated. Comparisons were performed using Mantel-Haenszel
chi-squared method or Fisher’s exact. Statistical signiﬁcance was
deﬁned as a p value <0.05.
Results: Of the 151 MDR-TB cases, 106 (70.2%) were males and
45 (29.8%) females with a mean age of 52.0 and 45.4 years old,
respectively. Of the 151 MDR-TB cases, 54.3% were new cases and
23.2% cases were either pre-XDR or XDR cases. Among 39.7% of
cases with comobility, 25.8% had diabetes mellitus. Furthermore,
49.5% of patients were infected with Beijing genotype strains and
23.8%were resulted from recent transmission. Outcomewas deter-
mined for 126 (83.4%) cases enrolled in a government-organized
and hospital-initiated MDR-TB treatment consortium. Excluding
two cases transferred out, 85.5% had favorable outcome and 18 had
unfavorable outcomes including 16 death and 2 failure cases with
severe complications due to anti-TBmedication.We found that age
group elder than 65 years old (p <0.01), BMI <18.5 (p =0.01), M.
tuberculosis strains resistant to streptomycin (p=0.02)were factors
for unfavorable treatment outcome.
Conclusion: High proportion ofnew MDR-TB cases suggesting
the need for stringent control measures including early diagno-
sis, and strengthened contact tracing strategies. Nevertheless, a
designated patient-center management program adopting indi-
vidualized regimens has resulted in good favorable outcome in
northern Taiwan.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.538
Type: Oral Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 27.003
Session: HIV and Tuberculosis
Date: Friday, April 4, 2014
Time: 15:45-17:45
Room: Room 2.60
HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonian
university context: Case of the University of
Dschang
M. Sanou Sobze1, J.-F. Onohio1,∗, J. Fokam2, B.
Donfack1, P. M. Nkamedjie Pete1, G. B. Djeunang
Dongho1, V. Colizzi3, G. Russo4
1 Faculty of Sciences; University of Dschang,
Dschang, Cameroon
2 Chantal Biya International Reference Centre
(CIRCB) for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and
management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3 University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
4 Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa HIV infection remains
largely epidemic, whereas HBV infection is highly endemic (> 8%).
In Cameroon, HIV and HBV prevalence is 4.3% and ≥ 10% respec-
tively. Teenagers and young adults, including university students,
are the population groupsmostly affected. Epidemiological data on
HIV and HBV infection among university students could be helpful
to implement speciﬁc prevention strategies.
Methods & Materials: A descriptive study was performed in
May 2013 among 624 students from the University of Dschang,
Cameroon. Participants were screened for HIV and HBV infection
and a standard questionnaire was administered.
Results: The average age of participants was 23.3 years (=3.2)
with a female predominance (58.7%). The observed prevalence
of HIV and HBV infection was 1.1% (7/624) and 2.8% (5/176)
respectively. 83.2% of participantswere sexually active. Concerning
sexual risky behaviours, participants reported having multipart-
ners (10.9%), using condom regularly (36.4%) or occasionally
(58.5%). 100% and 62.8% reported to be aware on HIV or HBV infec-
tion respectively. In addition, 64.4% and 5.5% of the participants
were aware of their HIV or HBV status respectively. The excessive
cost of HBsAg has been identiﬁed as the major barrier to testing
(87.6%).
Conclusion: Among college Cameroonian students the preva-
lence of HIV and HBV infection seems to be relatively low if
compared to general population. Anyhow, having multiple sexual
partner together with the non systematic use of condom dur-
ing sexual intercourse represent risky behaviours among students.
Awareness campaigns and screening facilitation on HBV infection
among students need to be strengthened.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.539


HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonian university context: Case of the University of Dschang 

Open Access Repository

16th ICID Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21S (2014) 1–460 57using the CLC Genomics Workbench V6.0.1. Genomes were mappedagainst the annotated M. Tuberculosis H37Rv (Sanger Institute)as the reference genome and Quality-based Variant Detectionanalysis was performed to determine any differences in the resis-tance associated genes (mutated) compared to the referencegenome (wild-type). Analysis was performed on genes associ-ated with rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinilones and pyrazinimide.High probability mutations were identified using the TBDREAMdatabase.Results: Samples sequenced had an average depth of more than40x coverage with Q-scores greater 30 and achieving more than99.9% coverage of the genes of interest. Correlation between thephenotypic and the genotypic method was excellent.Conclusion: The use of WGS for the detection of drug resistanceis fairly rapid and accurate with comprehensive information forseveral genetic targets at once. This may become a resourceful toolto determine ideal therapy of patients infected with M. tuberculosis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.537Type: Oral PresentationFinal Abstract Number: 27.002Session: HIV and TuberculosisDate: Friday, April 4, 2014Time: 15:45-17:45Room: Room 2.60Characteristics and treatment outcomes of MDRtuberculosis in TaiwanM.-C. Yu 1, H.-Y. Chen 2, S.-H. Chien 1, R. Jou 2,∗1 Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University,Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.2 Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.Background: In Taiwan, the MDR-TB among new TB cases was1%, and 6% in retreated TB cases. Facing the challenge of MDR-TB,a designated government-organized and hospital-initiated with anenhanced direct observed treatment program was implemented inMay 2007 to provide patient-centered care and better managementfor MDR-TB cases. In this study, we investigated characteristics ofMDR-TB cases notified in 2007-2009 in northern Taiwan and iden-tified possible risk factors associated with treatment outcomes.Methods & Materials: In 2007-2009, 151 MDR-TB cases wereconfirmed. Demographic, clinical characteristics of patients andbacteriological and genetic data of Mycobacterium tuberculosisstrains were analyzed. The treatment outcome at 30 months wasevaluated. Comparisons were performed using Mantel-Haenszelchi-squared method or Fisher’s exact. Statistical significance wasdefined as a p value < 0.05.Results: Of the 151 MDR-TB cases, 106 (70.2%) were males and45 (29.8%) females with a mean age of 52.0 and 45.4 years old,respectively. Of the 151 MDR-TB cases, 54.3% were new cases and23.2% cases were either pre-XDR or XDR cases. Among 39.7% ofcases with comobility, 25.8% had diabetes mellitus. Furthermore,49.5% of patients were infected with Beijing genotype strains and23.8% were resulted from recent transmission. Outcome was deter-mined for 126 (83.4%) cases enrolled in a government-organizedand hospital-initiated MDR-TB treatment consortium. Excludingtwo cases transferred out, 85.5% had favorable outcome and 18 hadunfavorable outcomes including 16 death and 2 failure cases withsevere complications due to anti-TB medication. We found that agegroup elder than 65 years old (p < 0.01), BMI < 18.5 (p = 0.01), M.tuberculosis strains resistant to streptomycin (p = 0.02) were factorsfor unfavorable treatment outcome.Conclusion: High proportion ofnew MDR-TB cases suggestingthe need for stringent control measures including early diagno-sis, and strengthened contact tracing strategies. Nevertheless, adesignated patient-center management program adopting indi-vidualized regimens has resulted in good favorable outcome innorthern Taiwan.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.538Type: Oral PresentationFinal Abstract Number: 27.003Session: HIV and TuberculosisDate: Friday, April 4, 2014Time: 15:45-17:45Room: Room 2.60HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonianuniversity context: Case of the University ofDschangM. Sanou Sobze 1, J.-F. Onohio 1,∗, J. Fokam 2, B.Donfack 1, P. M. Nkamedjie Pete 1, G. B. DjeunangDongho 1, V. Colizzi 3, G. Russo 41 Faculty of Sciences; University of Dschang,Dschang, Cameroon2 Chantal Biya International Reference Centre(CIRCB) for research on HIV/AIDS prevention andmanagement, Yaoundé, Cameroon3 University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy4 Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyBackground: In sub-Saharan Africa HIV infection remainslargely epidemic, whereas HBV infection is highly endemic (> 8%).In Cameroon, HIV and HBV prevalence is 4.3% and ≥ 10% respec-tively. Teenagers and young adults, including university students,are the population groups mostly affected. Epidemiological data onHIV and HBV infection among university students could be helpfulto implement specific prevention strategies.Methods & Materials: A descriptive study was performed inMay 2013 among 624 students from the University of Dschang,Cameroon. Participants were screened for HIV and HBV infectionand a standard questionnaire was administered.Results: The average age of participants was 23.3 years ( = 3.2)with a female predominance (58.7%). The observed prevalenceof HIV and HBV infection was 1.1% (7/624) and 2.8% (5/176)respectively. 83.2% of participants were sexually active. Concerningsexual risky behaviours, participants reported having multipart-ners (10.9%), using condom regularly (36.4%) or occasionally(58.5%). 100% and 62.8% reported to be aware on HIV or HBV infec-tion respectively. In addition, 64.4% and 5.5% of the participantswere aware of their HIV or HBV status respectively. The excessivecost of HBsAg has been identified as the major barrier to testing(87.6%).Conclusion: Among college Cameroonian students the preva-lence of HIV and HBV infection seems to be relatively low ifcompared to general population. Anyhow, having multiple sexualpartner together with the non systematic use of condom dur-ing sexual intercourse represent risky behaviours among students.Awareness campaigns and screening facilitation on HBV infectionamong students need to be strengthened.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.539

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HIV and HBV infection in Cameroonian university context: Case of the University of Dschang

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Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza

Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza

Directory of Open Access Journals

Elsevier - Publisher Connector

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Elsevier - Publisher Connector

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