Лексико-стилістичні маркери мовних змін в американських публіцистичних текстах (Lexico-stylistic markers of language changes in American journalistic texts)

Abstract

Виокремлено та описано лексичні, стилістичні та функціональні особливості метафор в американських публіцистичних текстах. Розглянуто когнітивні особливості метафоричних переносів. Описано функціональну спрямованість метафор у текстах публіцистичного стилю. Деталізовано функції метафор. Висвітлено асоціативну спрямованість образних засобів у мові американських публіцистичних текстів з урахуванням фонових знань. (Lexical, stylistic and functional peculiarities of metaphors in American journalistic texts are distinguished and described. Cognitive characteristics of metaphoric transferences are analyzed. Functional orientation of metaphors in the texts of journalistic style is described. Functions of metaphors are studied in details. Associative orientation of expressive means in the language of American journalistic texts is highlighted. Extra linguistic factors are taken into consideration. Language changes occur under the influence of society development. The basic unit of construction and language functioning is the relationship between the element of expression and the element of content. In other words it is the relationship of nomination. One of the reasons why changes occur in language is the asymmetry in the structure and functioning of the language sign. One of the characteristic types of asymmetry is the phenomenon of polysemy. Polysemantic words serve as instruments in categorization of human experience, linguistic and extra linguistic information. Language changes are reflected by metaphors, metonymies and syntactic transformations. Metaphor is associative by the character of vertical language relationships and metonymy is syntagmatic by the character of horizontal language relationships. Metaphor in journalistic texts performs a set of functions: nominative, cognitive, cumulative, expressive, attractive, creative, ideological, and many others. Metaphors are typical for human thinking. They define, to some extent, our perception of the world. Language metaphor is closely connected with mythology.