Mовні та позамовні чинники утворення термінів з електротехніки в українській та англійській мовах (Linguistic and extralinguistic factors of terms formation in electronic engineering in the English and Ukrainian language)

Abstract

Стаття присвячена висвітленню мовних та позамовних чинників утворення термінів з електротехніки в українській та англійській мовах. До мовних чинників відносимо процеси запозичення, калькування, неологізації, архаїзації, словотвору, мовної економії, фразеологізації, а до позамовних належать історично-політичний, виробничо-технологічний та соціально-комунікативний чинники. (The article deals with linguistic and extra linguistic factors of terms formation in electronic engineering in the English and Ukrainian languages. To linguistic factors in both languages belong processes of borrowings, neologisms, archaisms, idioms, word formations, loan translations and language economy. The French, Greek and Latin languages are the main sources of terms borrowings in English. But the Ukrainian language enriches her vocabulary also with the help of English borrowings. The second factor of terms formation is loan translation (calque) – is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation. Because of the rapidly moving events in the electronic engineering there is a tendency of a new word formation, so called neologisms – is the name for a relatively new or isolated term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but that has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Archaism – is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current or that is current only within a few special contexts. Other ways of term formation are suffixes and prefixes addition to the already existing words in the language, combining words into the terms word combination, word building, abbreviation and the figurative meaning. To the extra linguistic factors belong historical and political, manufacturing and technological, social and communicative.