The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is designed to enhance China’s integration into the global economy and extend its influence through strategic infrastructure investments. The Middle East plays a vital role in this initiative, owing to its rich energy resources and significant geopolitical position. China aims to navigate the geopolitical tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia by promoting regional stability through economic cooperation within the framework of the BRI. This study aims to assess the impact of investments related to the BRI on resolving regional disputes between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The theoretical framework is based on economic security and the theory of interdependence. Within this framework, the study evaluates how states redefine their security policies through economic relations and the impact of the level of economic dependence on the likelihood of conflict. This research employs a qualitative approach, structured around descriptive analysis methods and a case study model. Data collected through document analysis have been organized into thematic categories and interpreted in relation to the study’s objectives. Consequently, the research investigates the economic impacts of the BRI on Iran and Saudi Arabia and how these effects relate to regional geopolitical competition from a multidimensional perspective. The originality of the study lies in its development of an economic security-centered approach to conflict resolution and its assessment of the BRI as a foreign policy tool
