Advances in studies on the responses of plant root morphology and anatomical structure to waterlogging stress(植物根系形态和解剖结构响应渍水胁迫的研究进展)

Abstract

Waterlogging is a common abiotic stress constraining crop production globally. Under waterlogging stress, the content of O2 in the soil reduces dramatically, causing hypoxic or even anoxic conditions to plants. By regulating the expression level of relevant genes, plants modulate morphological, physiological, and metabolic changes to enhance the ability of withstanding hypoxia to adapt to waterlogging stress and maintain continuous growth. Among them, the changes of root morphology and anatomical structure are the main strategies to fight against waterlogging stress. In this review, advances in studies on morphological and anatomical structure changes of plant roots under waterlogging stress were summarized, mainly including inhibiting the growth of lateral root to reduce energy consumption, forming more adventitious roots and aerenchyma to increase the area for gas exchange and a barrier to reduce radial oxygen loss, as well as their differences and genetic regulation mechanisms among plant species or genotypes, attempting to provide available information for identifying waterlogging-tolerant genes and developing waterlogging-tolerant crop cultivars.(渍害是制约全球作物生产的一种非生物胁迫。在渍水胁迫下，土壤中氧气含量迅速下降，植物根系处于低氧甚至无氧环境。植物通过调控相关基因的表达调节形态、生理和代谢等方面的变化，增强耐低氧的能力以适应渍水胁迫并维持个体生长，其中根系形态和解剖结构的变化是适应渍水胁迫的主要对策。本文综述了渍水胁迫下植物根系形态和解剖结构变化的研究进展，主要包括植物通过抑制侧根生长减少能量消耗、形成更多不定根和通气组织以增加根系气体交换面积、形成泌氧屏障以减少氧气流失等策略；阐述了这些适应性变化在植物种间或种内不同基因型间的差异及其遗传调控机制，以期为耐渍基因挖掘和耐渍品种培育提供有益信息。