Authors analysed the lean meat percentage of 6081 Hungarian Landrace pigs from 18 seed stocks between May 1997 and May 1999. Boars showed somewhat higher lean meat percentage than gilts (0.33 %). The differences among seasons were negligible (1.63 %), the highest values were found in autumn and the lowest in summer. The h2&nbsp;and c2&nbsp;values of this trait were 0.14 and 0.14 respectively. The genetic trend was practically zero and it can be concluded that the size of the collected dataset should be increased in order to carry out a proper genetic evaluation.Avtorji so analizirali odstotek pustega mesa pri 6081 prašičih madžarske landrace pasme iz 18. matičnih čred v času od maja 1997 do maja 1999. Merjasci so imeli nekoliko višji odstotek pustega mesa kot svinjke (0,33 %). Razlika med sezonami je bila malenkostna (1,63 %), največje vrednosti so ugotovili jeseni, najmanjše poleti. Za obravnavan parameter so bile vrednosti za h2&nbsp;in c2&nbsp;0,14 oziroma 0,14. Genetski trend je bil praktično nič. Avtorji zaključujejo, da bi bilo za primerno genetsko oceno potrebno zbrati večje število podatkov

CSATÓ, László

FARKAS, János

NAGY, István

RADNÓCZI, László

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Zb. Bioteh. Fak. Univ. Ljubl., Kmet. Supl., 31(oktober 2001), 317–321. 9th Int. Symp. “Animal Science Days”, Radenci, Slovenia, Oct. 03–05, 2001. Preliminary publication Predhodna objava GENETIC TRENDS OF LEAN MEAT PERCENTAGE OF THE HUNGARIAN LANDRACE POPULATION István NAGY a), László CSATÓ b), János FARKAS c) and László RADNÓCZI d) a) Univ. of Kaposvár, Fac. of Animal Sciences, Guba Sándor street 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary, Ph.D. b) Same address, Assoc.Prof., Ph.D. c) Same address, Ass.Prof. d) Institute of Agricultural Quality Control, Keleti Károly street 24, H-1024 Budapest, Hungary, M.Sc. ABSTRACT Authors analysed the lean meat percentage of 6081 Hungarian Landrace pigs from 18 seed stocks between May 1997 and May 1999. Boars showed somewhat higher lean meat percentage than gilts (0.33 %). The differences among seasons were negligible (1.63 %), the highest values were found in autumn and the lowest in summer. The h2 and c2 values of this trait were 0.14 and 0.14 respectively. The genetic trend was practically zero and it can be concluded that the size of the collected dataset should be increased in order to carry out a proper genetic evaluation. Key words: pigs / breeds / Hungarian Landrace / meat / composition / genetic trends / Hungary GENETSKI TRENDI ZA ODSTOTEK PUSTEGA MESA PRI POPULACIJI MADŽARSKE LANDRACE IZVLEČEK  Avtorji so analizirali odstotek pustega mesa pri 6081 prašičih madžarske landrace pasme iz 18. matičnih čred v času od maja 1997 do maja 1999. Merjasci so imeli nekoliko višji odstotek pustega mesa kot svinjke (0,33 %). Razlika med sezonami je bila malenkostna (1,63 %), največje vrednosti so ugotovili jeseni, najmanjše poleti. Za obravnavan parameter so bile vrednosti za h2 in c2 0,14 oziroma 0,14. Genetski trend je bil praktično nič. Avtorji zaključujejo, da bi bilo za primerno genetsko oceno potrebno zbrati večje število podatkov. Ključne besede: prašiči / pasme / madžarski landrace / meso / sestava / genetski trendi / Madžarska INTRODUCTION Hungary has a long-standing tradition in animal breeding. Due to the favourable geographical, climatic and soil conditions of the country a well-developed animal breeding was established which also influenced the animal breeding of the surrounding regions (Éber, 1961). After World War II the Hungarian animal breeding could use the capacity of the market created by the Eastern European block. Though the Hungarian pork consumption was high during the 1970s and 1980s the national pork export was reasonable compared with other agricultural products (Straub, 1998). The high domestic and foreign demand for products of the pig production resulted in an increased population size and in improved production and fertility traits. The Hungarian pig population size is presented in Fig. 1. It can be seen that after the large-scale pig farms had been built in the early 1970s there was a reasonable increase in the pig population size and its fluctuation also seized. Between 1978 and 1992 the population size was not lower than 8 million pigs. The good export possibilities and the http://www.bfro.uni-lj.si/zoo/publikacije/zbornik/suplementi/index.htm Zb. Bioteh. Fak. Univ. Ljubl., Kmet. Supl., 31(oktober 2001).  318 favourable farm gate price influenced in the mid 1980s the population size’s increase and as a result it almost reached 10 million pigs. In 1991 the population size severely decreased which tendency continued till 1994. At the present time its size fluctuates between 5 and 6 million pigs and no major change is expected in the near future.    Figure 1. Size of the Hungarian pig population.  Beside the increase in the Hungarian pig population size the performance parameters were also improved. The introduction of the modern performance tests and breeding value estimation procedures resulted in a reasonable genetic progress particularly in those traits where the heritability is high. From the production traits the proportion of valuable cuts had great importance concerning selection. Though this trait still plays an important role in the carcass evaluation, lean meat percentage is gaining more importance. The (S)EUROP evaluation of the slaughter pigs concerning lean meat percentage is compulsory from 1997 (Csató and Obornik, 1999) and since then this trait is being evaluated both in field and station tests respectively. The heritability of lean mean percentage was investigated by several authors. Knapp et al. (1997) analysed the genetic parameters of the lean meat percentage and meat quality. Large White Landrace and Pietrain breeds were used in their research. Farms, years, seasons were considered as fixed effects, meanwhile litter effect was treated as a random effect. The low standard deviation of lean meat percentages (2.4, 2.4, 2.2) compared with their mean (45.1, 45.3, 53.6) is worth mentioning. The h2 (0.53, 0.43, 0.40) and c2 values (0.14, 0.17, 0.11) showed that the lean meat percentage was a favourable trait regarding the possible genetic progress. However an unfavourable negative genetic correlation coefficient (–0.31) was found between lean meat percentage and intramuscular fat content. Concerning the lean meat percentage h2 and c2 values were similar to Knapp et al. (1997). However, others (Morel et al., 1988; Stewart and Schinkel, 1989; Ducos, 1994; Hofer and Schwörer, 1995) reported h2 0.48–0.54, c2 0.06. Hovenier et al. (1992) also found high (0.62) heritability for the same trait. Others however, reported lower heritabilities concerning lean meat percentage (Groeneveld et al., 1998). The objective of the present study is to present the first results of the genetic parameters and genetic trend estimation of the lean meat percentage using the data of Hungarian Landrace population. Thus it will be clear whether or not the heritability makes a reasonable genetic gain 400050006000700080009000100001960196419681972197619801985198919931997Pig population size (1000)Nagy, I. et al. Genetic trends of lean meat percentage of the Hungarian Landrace Population. 319 possible and how much progress has been achieved concerning lean meat percentage since its relatively recent data collection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data recording The genetic analysis was conducted on the data collected by the Hungarian Pig Breeders’ Association between May 1997 and May 1999. Hungarian Landrace breed was analysed. The source of the data for these breeds was 18 seed stocks. The size of the examined dataset was 6081 but only 3804 pigs had measured values for the trait.  Basic statistics of the dataset can be seen in Table 1.  Table 1. Basic statistics for the examined traits of the Hungarian Landrace populations  Trait n Mean SD CV, % Min. Max. Body mass at the examination, kg 3804 94.3 9.41 10 80 110 Age, days 3804 174 26.4 15 55 300 Lean meat, % 3804 56.7 2.18 4 44.6 65.5  Statistical analysis The heritability and genetic trend estimates for the above mentioned trait were obtained by using the PEST (Groeneveld, 1990) and VCE 4 (Groeneveld, 1998) softwares based on the BLUP and REML methods. The applied linear model was: y = Xb + Za + Wc + e where y = vector of observations, b = vector of fixed effects, a = vector of random animal effects, c = vector of random litter effects, X, Z, and W incidence matrices relating records to fixed and random animal and random litter (common environmental) effects, respectively. Regarding the fixed effects the herd, sex, and year-month significantly influenced the examined trait. The effect of the mass of the animals was also taken into account by treating this factor as a covariate. Regarding the model, the distribution of y was assumed to be normal the trait was determined by many additive genes of infinitesimal effects at infinitely many unlinked loci. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Though the main interest of the authors was the genetic trend of the lean meat percentage rather than its heritability, after conducting the analysis it was also possible to present the h2 and c2 values of this trait which were 0.14 and 0.14 respectively. It has to be noted that the heritability received here is much lower than that was reported by other authors except (Groeneveld et al., 1998). The differences could not be explained by the small standard deviation as it was small according to Knapp et al. (1997). Nevertheless the low heritability is not favourable and in case it will not be changed with the increasing size of the dataset the possible annual genetic gain can also be limited. Zb. Bioteh. Fak. Univ. Ljubl., Kmet. Supl., 31(oktober 2001).  320 Regarding fixed effects boars showed somewhat higher lean meat percentage than gilts (0.33 %). Though season effect was not part of our model it was possible to take the average value of the month estimates thus present the so-called season effect. The highest lean meat percentage values were observed during autumn, meanwhile summer was the most disadvantageous season of all. However it has to be mentioned that the differences were negligible (1.63 %).  Concerning genetic trend due to the small dataset and its short collective period it was only possible to present a monthly rather than an annual gain. The estimation was carried out separately for boars and gilts but no major difference was found. Subsequently their joint genetic trend estimation was also accomplished. It is obvious that the values received by the present research were not different from zero (0.16E–3, –0.31E–3, 0.69E–3). Meanwhile Wolf et al. (1998) received an annual gain of 0.29–0.39 % for the same trait. However as it was already emphasised lean meat percentage has only recently been introduced into the Hungarian Pig Breeding Programme. Formerly the average back fat depth was measured which trait is being replaced with lean meat percentage. Groeneveld et al. (1996) presented the annual genetic gain for the Hungarian Landrace population between 1986 and 1993 for average back fat depth (–0.0075 mm) which also was negligible compared to other estimates (Peskovicova et al., 1999). As noted by Groeneveld et al. (1996) the low response in average back fat depth suggested that there were problems in recording this trait, which finally resulted in its replacement with lean meat percentage. However the lean meat percentage is also being measured with the same method and device (ultrasound) on live animals therefore its accuracy is doubtful. Nevertheless from this present study it can only be concluded that the dataset collected thus far is not yet appropriate for a proper genetic evaluation concerning lean meat percentage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Financial support of TO35151 OTKA is acknowledged. REFERENCES Csató, L./ Obornik, A. Az EUROP minősítés hatása a magyarországi sertésállomány vágóértékére (The influence of the EUROP evaluation system on the Hungarian pig population`s slaughter value). Acta Agr. Kap., 1(1999), 27–34. Ducos, A. Parametres génétiques des caracteres de production chez le porc. Mise au point bibliographique. Techni-porc, 17(1994)3, 35–67. Éber, E. A magyar állattenyésztés fejlődése (Development of the Hungarian animal breeding). Budapest, Közg. és Jogi Kiadó, 1961, 541 p. Groeneveld, E. PEST Users’ Manual. Neustadt, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Behaviour Federal Research Centre, 1990, 1–73. Groeneveld, E. VCE4 Users’ Guide. Neustadt, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Behaviour Federal Research Centre,1998, 1–61. Groeneveld, E./ Csató, L./ Farkas, J./ Radnóczi, L. Joint genetic evaluation of field and station test in the Hungarian Large White and Landrace populations. Arch. Tierz., 39(1996), 513–531. Groeneveld, E./ Wolf, J./ Wolfova, M./ Jelinkova, V./ Vecerova, D. Estimation of genetic parameters for Czech pig breeds using a multitrait animal model. Züchtungskunde, 70(1998), 96–107. Hofer, A./ Schwörer, D. Genetic parameters of production and meat quality traits in station tested Swiss Large White pigs. In: Proc. 46th Meeting of EAAP, Prague,1995-09-04/07. Wageningen, Wageningen Pres, 1995, 59. Hovenier, R./ Kanis, E./ Van Asseldonk, Th./ Westerink, N.G. Genetic parameters of pig meat quality traits in a halothane negative population. Livest. Prod. Sci., 32(1992), 309–327. Knapp, P./ Willam, A./ Sölkner, J. Genetic parameters for lean meat content and quality traits in different pig breeds. Livest. Prod. Sci., 52(1997), 69–73. Morel, P./ Schwörer, D./ Rebsamen, A. Einbau des intramuskulären Fettes in den Selektionindex der MLP. Der Kleinviehzüchter, 36(1988), 1341–1350. Nagy, I. et al. Genetic trends of lean meat percentage of the Hungarian Landrace Population. 321 Peskovicova, D./ Groeneveld, E./ Kumicík, M./ Hetényi, L./ Demo, P. Genetic and environmental trends for production traits in the Slovakian pig population. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 44(1999), 447–455. Stewart, T. S./ Schinkel, A. P. Genetic parameters for swine growth and carcass traits. In: Genetics of Swine (Ed.: Young, L.D.). Nebraska, USA-ARS, Clay Center, 1989, 77–79. Straub, I. A sertéshús-előállítás ellentmondásai I. (Contradictions in the Hungarian pork production). Magy. Mez., 21(1998), 15. Wolf, J./ Wolfova, M./ Groeneveld, E./ Jelinkova, V. Estimation of genetic and environmental trends for production traits in Czech Landrace and Large White pigs. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 43(1998), 545–550.  

Genetski trendi za odstotek pustega mesa pri populaciji madžarske landrace

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Genetski trendi za odstotek pustega mesa pri populaciji madžarske landrace

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