Exam paper for second semester: Environmental Management (Supplementary Exam

Foster, L.S., Ms.

Maphangwa, K.W., Mr.

Rampedi, I.T., Dr.

Name not available

                  ENM3B- NOV. SUPPLEMENTARY 2014 
 
 
 
 
FACULTY OF SCIENCE 
 
 
 
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & ENERGY STUDIES 
 
  
 MODULE ENM3B: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (SUPPLEMENTARY EXAM) 
 
 CAMPUS APK 
  
 EXAM  DECEMBER 2014 
                                        
 
DATE DECEMBER 2014    SESSION 08:30–11:30 
 
ASSESSOR(S)          
       DR I.T. RAMPEDI / MS. L.S. FOSTER 
         
 
 
EXTERNAL MODERATOR    Mr.  K.W. MAPHANGWA (UNISA)  
 
 
DURATION 3 HOURS     MARKS   150 
 
 
NUMBER OF PAGES:  4 PAGES 
 
 
INSTRUCTIONS:  
 
1. This examination paper has FOUR sections  
2. The use of a calculator is permissible. 
3. The assessment opportunity is CLOSED BOOK examination. 
4. Every section must be written in a SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET, which should 
be stapled together if more answering books are used. 
5. Write neatly and eligibly.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
ENM3B-NOV. SUPPLEMENTARY 2014 
 
SECTION A 
 
Question 1 
 
CASE STUDY  
 
ISO 14001: A Case Study in Certification  
at Bayer Pharmaceuticals in Berkeley, California  
Lauren E Godshall  
Environmental Sciences, University of California at Berkeley 
 
The ISO 14001 standard is a voluntary international standard outlining the framework for  
the creation and implementation of an environmental management system (EMS). Being  
certified as an ISO 14001 company is considered highly prestigious and valuable but few  
American companies have chosen to build an EMS and gain certification, possibly due to  
concerns that ISO 14001 tends to only create a “paper EMS” that does not add environmental 
value to the company. The Bayer Pharmaceuticals site in Berkeley, California is the only Bayer 
site in North America currently certified. This study employs a case study methodology to 
conduct an analysis of the company's certification process in order to lead to an understanding 
of the factors that prevented the Bayer process from resulting in a valueless ISO 14001 
certification.  
 
Explain the ISO 14 001 life-cycle (include a diagram) Bayer Pharmaceuticals needs to undertake 
in order to help restore a pathway towards long term sustainability and environmental balance at 
their site in Berkeley.  In your answer you must also briefly summarise the registration problems 
associated with ISO 14000 standards that may have accrued to Bayer Pharmaceuticals during 
the process of adopting this environmental management system. 
 
SUB-TOTAL [30] 
 
 
SECTION B 
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT  
 
QUESTION 2 
CASE STUDY 
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS FOR CRUDE OIL SOIL POLLUTION 
Cristiana DUMITRAN& Ion ONUTU (2010) 
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is predominantly a scientific activity and involves a critical 
review of available data for the purpose of identifying and possibly quantifying the risks 
associated with a potential threat. Risk management (RM) is performed to consider the need to 
impose measures to control or manage the risk. The working methodology presented in this 
paper was done based on several research studies for the environmental risk assessment for 
soil pollution with hidrocarbures from accidental crude oil spills. The qualitative and quantitative 
assessment of the environmental risk for industrial sites for drilling, gas oil separation it is 
complex and require several data. For these reasons an environmental risk calculation 
methodology for soil is presented which is structured in modules and steps. Environment risk 
assessment of pollution with hydrocarbons from crude oil comprises five interrelated modules: 
hazard identification, hazard assessment, risk estimation by the award of „grades” for the 
frequency and severity of consequences environmental risk assessment based on risk criteria 
(ALARP) and environmental risk management. The modules required data: technical data for 
the equipment in the upstream industrial activities, extraction and gas-oil separation, physico-
chemical analysis for the soil contaminants, soil properties that may influence the severity and 
consequences of the default risk, charts, mathematical equations and matrix assessment of 
environmental risk intensity. In the methodology are established the steps needed to calculate 
the alert threshold and intervention and additional studies needed (geotechnical study, 
pedological and chemical study) 
 
 
 3 
 
ENM3B-NOV. SUPPLEMENTARY 2014 
 
Question 2.1 
How is Risk Management determined for different developmental projects                         
  (10) 
Question 2.2 
How does one estimate Environmental Risk and which data will be required to study risk.     
 (10) 
   
Question 2.3 
Name the 4 basic steps to characterize risk                                                                      
 (10) 
 
SUB-TOTAL [30] 
    
            
                                                                 
SECTION C 
ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING  
(WATER QUALITY) 
 
QUESTION 3    
   
CASE STUDY  
 
A base line assessment of water quality is required for some of the individual streams flowing 
through the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve, near Johannesburg. In particular, the Kliprivier 
stream receives runoff from several feeder streams from potential pollution source-areas. The 
main environmental concern with this tributary is that over the last few years it has been 
declining in the integrity of riparian habitats as well as other aquatic life forms, mainly due to 
what is suspected to be chemical and bacteriological (microbiological) pollution upstream.  
 
Whether the sewage infrastructure and other urban land-uses located upstream are having a 
negative impact on these channels and their biota is not clear at this stage. There is also no 
scientific literature on the hydrology and the aquatic state of the Kliprivier stream, especially 
water quality data, thus raising the need for routine environmental monitoring for affected 
streams within the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve.  
 
 
Question 3.1 
Explain what pollution means as defined in the National Water Act (1998) also explain in your 
answer how the National Water Act makes provision for the protection of water sources  
                                                                                                                       (10) 
 
Question 3.2 
Name 5 conventional pollutants and give a brief description of each one.                            
 (10) 
 
Question 3.3 
The above scenario involves pollution possibly caused by sewage infrastructure and urban land 
uses, the best way to test this would be to measure the BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand).  
Explain what this means and why it would be relevant     
                                                  (10)   
                              
SUB-TOTAL [30] 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
ENM3B-NOV. SUPPLEMENTARY 2014 
SECTION D 
REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE EIA 
 
QUESTION 4 
 
You have been appointed as the competent authority at the Department of Environmental Affairs 
(DEA). A consulting company has just submitted an Environmental Impact report for you to 
assess. What main characteristics would you use to determine whether it is a good 
Environmental Impact Report (EIR)?          
(10) 
 
 
SECTION E 
QUESTION 5 
 
Question 5.1 
 
Explain the different purposes of social impact assessment (SIA).                                      
 (10)  
 
Question 5.2 
A new Mine Manager has joined the firm at Thor Mining Company and a quarterly audit needs to 
be conducted for their operational phase. The Mine Manager argues that this will be an 
unnecessary expense and should be taken out of the annual budget.  Explain why an audit is 
important and the different types of environmental audits that can be conducted in South Africa.  
 
(15)  
 
Question 5.3 
Give the 5 main steps in Environmental Health assessment and briefly explain each             
 (10) 
 
Question 5.4 
 
Give guidelines that will assist an amateur heritage specialist determine when a heritage impact 
assessment will be needed.                                                                                      
 (5) 
 
Question 5.5 
 
Explain the purpose of an EMS (Environmental Management System) in any business and why 
monitoring and auditing the EMS is important.          
 (10) 
 
 
SUB-TOTAL [50] 
 
TOTAL [150] 
 
____________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Environmental Management (Supplementary Exam)

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Environmental Management (Supplementary Exam)

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