**English Abstract** **Title:** The Theory of Structural Ontology: A Meta-Philosophical Framework Based on Cognitive Slicing and Homologous Mapping **Abstract:** This paper proposes a meta-philosophical framework termed the "Theory of Structural Ontology," aiming to provide a unified ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundation for interdisciplinary knowledge systems. Originating from a reinterpretation of the concept of "Dao" in the Tao Te Ching—defined as the historical path of structural evolution (Dao) and its systemic totality (Grand Dao)—this study addresses the inherent limitations of human cognition. It argues that "cognitive slicing" is the fundamental operation by which human consciousness encapsulates infinitely complex reality, inevitably introducing irreducible bias and limitations into all theoretical models. To transcend this limitation, the paper proposes the "Theorem of Homologous Logical Mapping," establishing a methodological criterion for determining whether phenomena across scales and domains share a unified underlying logical structure. By mapping homologous structures between phenomena such as "rotating fishing net" and "galactic arm rotation," it demonstrates how to deduce mechanisms in unknown domains from known structures. Building upon this, the paper constructs a limit binary theory of "Thing-Space Opposition," from which the "Material Lake" model is derived. This model offers a unified structural explanation for quantum phenomena, gravity, and the four fundamental forces, attempting to bridge the explanatory gap between classical and quantum physics. Finally, the framework is applied to cognitive science and sociology, analyzing the encapsulation paradigm of cognitive structures and the "potential sink" evolution model of social systems. This research ultimately demonstrates that the "Theory of Structural Ontology" is not another "Theory of Everything" but a "meta-framework" for generating theories. It provides a potential philosophical and operational basis for the grand unification of all disciplines through a systematic structural perspective. Keywords:Theory of Structural Ontology; Dao; Cognitive Slicing; Homologous Mapping; Thing-Space Opposition; Material Lake Model; Meta-Philosophy; Unifying Framework
