In this dissertation, I argue the transformation of citizenship and secularism in Turkey, in terms of religious pluralism by utilising Alevism as a case study. I adapt the perspective from the governance of religious diversity and treat religious institutions from a social-structuralist approach. Although I benefitted from my former field research, my thesis is an outcome of a non-empirical study. Therefore, first, I have gathered data from published scholarly works and internet documents (news and press releases), and second, I have analysed them in a hermeneutic cycle. I have contextualised the topics I discuss in each chapter and connected them to each other to establish a new context. This approach has helped me to found my thesis on four main pillars: In Chapter 2, I define Alevism in comparison with the historical context and dimensions of Alevism itself. In Chapter 3, I describe the modernisation of Turkey regarding secularism, which contributes to a better understanding of both the historical context of the definition of Alevism and the following chapter’s citizenship structures. In Chapter 4, I elevate the descriptive and historical contexts to a political one by focusing on minority and majority issues in Turkey and their effects on the comprehensiveness of citizenship. In Chapter 5, I use the contexts of Alevism, secularisation, and citizenship for the critique of secularism and the application of the two pluralisms thesis to Turkey via Alevism
