Liabilities of Regional Foreignness and the Use of Firm Level and Country Level Data

Abstract

We are pleased that Dunning et al. (2006) have provided macro (country) level data demonstrating the increased internationalization of many nations over the past decade. We also appreciate their findings lending support to our perspective on the regional nature of world business. Our work was based solely on micro (firm) level data, see Rugman and Verbeke (2004a). Both country level data and firm level data have methodological problems which we attempt to reconcile in this comment. We also address the broader conceptual issues of how to interpret country level versus firm level data.Regional strategy, home region bound firm-specific advantages, liability of regional foreignness, methodology