Aims and background. In palliative care, few data are available on the diagnosis and treatment ofmood disorders and of difficulties ofmental adaptation to cancer for patients in the advanced phases of the disease. SSRI antidepressants are the treatment of choice; the 5-HTTLPR genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (SERT) has been shown in psychiatry to significantly determine the therapeutic response and the incidence of adverse effects. The aim of the present investigation has been therefore to examine the effects of the SSRI antidepressant escitalopram, also considering 5-HTTLPR, on depression, anxiety andmental adaptation to cancer in palliative care.\u2029Methods and study design. Eighteen consecutive depressed patients with different forms of advanced cancer admitted to the Hospice Ass 6 of S. Vito al Tagliamento (Pordenone, Italy) were genotyped for the \u201cs\u201d and \u201cl\u201d variants of 5-HTTLPR and were treated with escitalopram. Their response after two weeks of treatment was psychometrically evaluated.\u2029Results. Treatment with escitalopram significantly decreased anxiety scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (P = 0.006) as well as anxious preoccupation (P = 0.007) and hopelessness-helplessness (P = 0.017) scores on the Mini Mental Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-MAC) scale. When patients were stratified by SERT genotype, HADS anxiety was significantly decreased in patients carrying the \u201cs/s\u201d and \u201cs/l\u201d variants (P = 0.024), whereas those with an \u201cl/l\u201d genotype displayed a significant reduction of Mini-MAC anxious preoccupation (P = 0.018).\u2029Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the use of SSRI antidepressants is effective in the palliative care of cancer patients, and their action affects not only depression but also the patients\u2019 mental adaptation to the disease. These results encourage further examination of these drugs in a larger cohort of patients. The significant contribution of pharmacogenetics indicates the possibility of personalized treatment with SSRIs in palliative care
