Dingwell, Donald B.

English

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Journal of Geophysical Research Volume 95 Number B10 September 10, 1990 J G R E A 2 95(B10) 15 ,303 -15 ,958 (1990) I S S N 0148-0227 On the Nonuniqueness of Receiver Function Inversions (Paper 90JB00785) Charles J. Ammon, George E. Randall, and George Zandt 15,303 Faulting Mechanism and Complexity of the November 23, 1980, Campania-Lucania Earthquake, Inferred From Surface Observations (Paper 90JB01131) Daniela Pantosti and Gianluca Valensise 15,319 Three-Dimensional Ρ and S Velocity Structure in the Coalinga Region, California (Paper 90JB01292) Donna Eberhart-Phillips 15,343 Earthquakes, Faulting, and Stress in the Los Angeles Basin (Paper 90JB00807) Egill Hauksson 15,365 Seismic Source Theory in Stratified Anisotropic Media (Paper 90JB00383) An Ben-Menahem and Arcangelo G. Sena 15,395 Depth and Geoid Anomalies Over Oceanic Hotspot Swells: A Global Survey (Paper 89JB03784) Marc Monnereau and Anny Cazenave 15,429 Microearthquake Evidence for Extension Across the Kane Transform Fault (Paper 90JB00842) William S. D. Wilcock, G. M. Purdy, and Sean C. Solomon 15,439 Regional Aeolian Dynamics and Sand Mixing in the Gran Desierto: Evidence from Landsat Thematic Mapper Images (Paper 90JB00143) Grady Blount, Milton O. Smith, John B. Adams, Ronald Greeley, and Phillip R. Christensen 15,463 The Greenland Gravitational Constant Experiment (Paper 90JB00792) Mark A. Zumberge, Mark E. Ander, Ted V Lautzenhiser, Robert L . Parker, Carlos L . V. Aiken, Michael R. Gorman, Michael Martin Nie to, A. Paul R. Cooper, John F. Ferguson, Elizabeth Fisher, James Greer, Phil Hammer, B. Lyle Hansen, George A. McMechan, Glenn S. Sasagawa, Cyndi Sidles, J. Mark Stevenson, and Jim Wirtz 15,483 Fast Instantaneous Oceanic Plate Velocities Recorded by the Cretaceous Laytonville Limestone: Paleomagnetic Analysis and Kinematic Implications (Paper 89JB03177) John A. Tarduno, Michael McWilliams, and Norman Sleep 15,503 The Structure of 0- to 0.2-m.y.-Old Oceanic Crust at 9°N on the East Pacific Rise From Expanded Spread Profiles (Paper 90JB00230) Ε. E. Vera, J. C. Mutter, P. Buhl, J. A. Orcutt, A. J. Harding, Μ. E. Kappus, R. S. Detrick, and Τ. M. Brocher 15,529 Sensitivity of the Telluric Monitoring Array in Parkfield, California, to Changes of Resistivity (Paper 90JB00592) Stephen K. Park and David V Fitterman 15,557 Field-Impressed Anisotropics of Magnetic Susceptibility and Remanence in Minerals (Paper 89JB03586) David K. Potter and Alan Stephenson 15,573 Amorphous Material in High Strain Experimental Fault Gouges (Paper 90JB00750) R. A. Yund, M, L . Blanpied, Τ. E. Tullis, and /. D. Weeks 15,589 Calibration of a Belt Apparatus to 1800°C and 6 GPa (Paper 90JB01290) G. P. Brey, R. Weber, and Κ G. Nickel 15,603 Modeling the Consolidation of a Porous Aggregate of Dry Salt as Isostatic Hot Pressing (Paper 90JB01174) David J. Holcomb and David Η Zeuch 15,611 Decrepitation and Crack Healing of Fluid Inclusions in San Carlos Olivine (Paper 90JB00478) B. J. Wanamaker, Teng-fong Wong, and Brian Evans 15,623 (continued on inside back cover) (continued from outside back cover) Permeability Estimation From Velocity Anisotropy in Fractured Rock (Paper 90JB00691) Richard L . Gibson, Jr. and M. Nafi Toksöz 15,643 Correction to "Volcanic Geology of Tyrrhcna Patera, Mars" (Paper 9ÜJB01220) Ronald Greeley and David A. Crown 15,657 Editor's Note (Paper 90JB01864) Robert C. Liebermann 15,659 Special Section: Silicate Melts and Mantle Pedogenesis (in Memory of Christopher M. Scarfe) Memorial to Christopher Martin Scarfe (Paper 90JB01793) Donald B. Dingwell 15,661 Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Special Section on Silicate Melts and Mantle Pedogenesis (Paper 90JB01794) Donald B. Dingwell 15,663 Chemical Diffusion of Ferrous Iron in a Peraluminous Sodium Aluminosilicate Melt: 0.1 MPa to 2.0 GPa (Paper 90JB00304) Todd Dunn and William A. Ratliffe 15,665 Physical Properties and Structure of K 2 S i 4 0 9 Melt Quenched From Pressures up to 2.4 GPa (Paper 90JB00307) James Ε. Dickinson, Jr., Christopher M. Scarfe, and Paul McMillan 15,675 The Effect of H 2 0 and C 0 2 on the Viscosity of Sanidine Liquid at High Pressures (Paper 90JB00313) Bradford S. White and Art Montana 15,683 Non-Newtonian Rheology of Igneous Melts at High Stresses and Strain Rates: Experimental Results for Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt, and Nephelinite (Paper 90JB00247) Sharon L . Webb and Donald B. Dingwell 15,695 Ferric Iron in Silicate Melts in the System Na 2 0-Fe 2 0 3 -Si0 2 at High Pressure (Paper 90JB00469) Mark Brearly 15,703 Lanthanides in Silicate Glasses: A Vibrational Spectroscopic Study (Paper 90JB00442) Adam J. G. Ellison and Paul C. Hess 15,717 Local Structure in Gallium- and Germanium-Substituted Silicate Glasses Investigated by Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Paper 90JB00309) Barbara L . Sherriff and Michael E. Fleet 15,727 Effect of Pressure, Temperature, and Bulk Composition on the Structure and Species Distribution in Depolymerized Alkali Aluminosilicate Melts and Quenched Melts (Paper 90JB00300) Bjorn O. Mysen 15,733 Melt Structure in the System Nepheline-Diopside (Paper 90JB00631) Dan Sykes and Christopher M. Scarfe 15,745 Phase Relations in the Transition Zone (Paper 90JB00303) Tibor Gasparik 15,751 Melting of Enstatite (MgSi0 3) From 10 to 16.5 GPa and the Forsterite (Mg 2 Si0 4 ) - Majorite (MgSi0 3) Eutectic at 16.5 GPa: Implications for the Origin of the Mantle (Paper 90JB00306) D. C Presnall and Τ Gaspank 15,771 Origin of Mantle Peridotite: Constraints From Melting Experiments to 16.5 GPa (Paper 90JB00305) Claude Herzberg, Tibor Gasparik, and Hiroshi Sawamoto 15,779 Phase Relations in Peridotite + C 0 2 Systems to 12 GPa: Implications for the Origin of Kimberlite and Carbonate Stability in the Earth's Upper Mantle (Paper 90JB00310) Dante Canil and Christopher M. Scarfe 15,805 Phase Relations of Aluminum-Undepleted and Aluminum-Depleted Komatiites at Pressures of 4-12 GPa (Paper 90JB00311) Kejian Wei, Reidar G. Tr0nnes, and Christopher Μ. Scarfe 15,817 An in Situ X Ray Diffraction Study of the Kinetics of the N i 2 S i 0 4 Olivine-Spinel Transformation (Paper 90JB00314) D. C. Ruble, Y Tsuchida, T. Yagi, W. Utsumi, T. Kikegawa, O. Shimomura, and A. J. Brearley 15,829 An Experimental Test of the Spinel Peridotite Oxygen Barometer (Paper 90JB00315) Bernard J. Wood 15,845 J O U R N A L O F G E O P H Y S I C A L R E S E A R C H , V O L . 95, NO. BIO, P A G E S 15,663-15,664, S E P T E M B E R 10, 1990 Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Special Section on Silicate Melts and Mantle Petrogenesis DONALD B . D I N G W E L L Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Federal Republic of Germany In the summer of 1988 it was decided to commemorate Chris's career with a special session at an international meeting and a publication containing contributions volun-teered by his former friends and associates. The 1989 Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union was chosen for the memorial session and the Journal of Geophysical Re-search was chosen for the publication of contributed scien-tific papers. This section would not have been possible without the active encouragement, advice, and direction provided by Bob Liebermann. I also extend my thanks to the participants and to the reviewers. Silicate melts have played a crucial role in the differenti-ation of the Earth via igneous processes. Thus the study of such melts is as fundamental as mineralogy to the earth sciences. The physical properties of silicate melts provide valuable information for modeling the behavior of silicate magmas during igneous petrogenesis. Transport properties, such as diffusivities and viscosity, are especially important in igneous petrogenesis because of the possibility of kinetic control of many igneous processes at depth within the Earth. In this section, physical properties of silicate melts are investigated in papers by White and Montana; Dickinson, Scarfe, and McMillan; Dunn and Ratliffe; and Webb and Dingwell. White and Montana have determined the effects of H 2 0 and C 0 2 on the viscosity of K A l S i 3 0 8 liquid at high pressure and temperature. Dickinson, Scarfe, and McMillan have determined the liquid viscosities and quench glass densities of K 2 S i 4 0 9 subjected to pressures up to 2.4 GPa. Raman spectra on the same glasses are used to infer the effects of pressure on melt speciation. Dunn and Ratliffe have investigated chemical diffusion of ferrous iron in a peraluminous sodium aluminosilicate melt at high tempera-ture and pressures to 1.0 GPa. Webb and Dingwell have investigated the onset of non-Newtonian rheological behav-ior in geological melts. A comprehensive understanding of silicate melt properties can only come from a model for the structure of such liquids and glasses. For some time, such a consideration has prompted the investigation of short range order in silicate melt within the geological community. A large number of spectroscopic methods continue to be employed in the characterization of the coordination of the large number of chemical components present in natural melts and their analog systems. In this section, Brearley; Ellison and Hess; Sherriff and Fleet; My sen; and Sykes and Scarfe investigate melt structure by spectroscopy. Brearley has performed a 5 7 Fe Mössbauer investigation of the effect of pressure on the coordination state of ferric iron in highly oxidized melts of Copyright 1990 by the American Geophysical Union. Paper number 90JB01794. 0148-0227/90/90JB-01794$02.00 the Na-Fe-Si-0 system. Ellison and Hess have obtained perpendicular and parallel-polarized Raman spectra on lan-thanide-bearing silicate glasses. Sherriff and Fleet present 2 9 Si , 2 7 A l , and 2 3 Na MAS NMR spectra for gallium and germanium-substituted silicate glasses. My sen has studied the Raman spectra of peralkaline alkali aluminosilicate glasses. Sykes and Scarfe present a Raman spectra form glasses on the NaAlSi0 4-CaMgSi 20 6 join. The development of multianvil techniques for the genera-tion of high pressures acting on large volumes has opened a new chapter in the experimental investigation of geological materials. Papers by Gasparik; Presnall and Gasparik; Herzberg, Gasparik, and Sawamoto; Canil and Scarfe; Wei, Tr0nnes, and Scarfe; Pacalo and Gasparik; and Rubie, Tsuchida, Yagi, Utsumi, Kikegawa, Shimomura, and Brear-ley illustrate the growing body of high-pressure phase equi-librium and kinetic data on silicate systems. The most immediate impact of such studies is constraints on the petrogenesis of the Earth's mantle. Gasparik has investigated phase relations in the MgO-A l 2 0 3 - S i 0 2 and CaO-Al 2 0 3 -Si0 2 systems at temperatures up to 2500°C and pressures to 22.6 GPa. Presnall and Gasparik have determined the melting curve of enstatite from 10 to 16.5 GPa and the forsterite-majorite eutectic at 16.5 GPa. Herzberg, Gasparik, and Sawamoto have investi-gated the melting of komatiite, peridotite, and chondrite compositions from 5 to 16.5 GPa. Canil and Scarfe report phase relations in the peridotite-C02 system to 12 GPa. Wei, Tr0nnes, and Scarfe have investigated the phase relations of aluminum depleted and undepleted komatiites between 4 and 12 GPa. Rubie, Tsuchida, Yagi, Utsumi, Kikegawa, Shimomura, and Brearley have performed an in situ X ray diffraction study of the kinetics of the N i 2 S i 0 4 olivine-spinel transfor-mation. Pacalo and Gasparik have reversed the orthoensta-tite-clinoenstatite transition at 7-11 GPa. The oxidation state of the upper mantle is currently the subject of much discussion. In this section, Wood has experimentally tested a spinel peridotite oxygen barometer based on the F e 3 0 4 content of spinel coexisting with olivine and orthopyroxene. Ultramafic nodules are the most direct source of penolog-ical, isotopic and geochemical on the upper mantle. In this section, Liang and Elthon present a major and trace element characterization of spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Xala-pasco de La Joya, San Lius Potosi, Mexico. Xue, Baads-gaard, Irving, and Scarfe have obtained major, trace, and whole rock Sr and Nd isotopic data for spinel periodotite xenoliths from West Kettle River, British Columbia. Volcanological studies provide tests of petrogenetic hy-potheses and raise questions for further experimental inves-tigations. In this section, Tr0nnes has presents a geological, 15,663 15,664 D I N G W E L L : I N T R O D U C T I O N petrographic and geochemical synthesis of basalts from the Hengill Volcanic System of SW Iceland. Gunter, Hoinkes, Ogden, and Pajari describe and interprete centimeter-scale intraflow layering of orendite and wyomingite from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Ultimately, the goal of experiments and observations on rocks and synthetic analogs is a synthesis of the petrological, geochemical and geophysical constraints on geologic pro-cesses. Two syntheses, by Kushiro on island arc pedogen-esis and by Takahashi on Archaean mid-ocean ridges, com-plete this memorial section. Kushiro presents the results of "sandwich" experiments bearing on the melts produced during partial melting of a hydrous peridotite at pressures of 1.2-2.0 GPa. These results are combined with seismic ve-locity and crustal xenolith data to yield a synthesis for the evolution of the crust in the NE Honshu arc. Takahashi uses high-pressure peridotite melting data and the geochemistry of depleted garnet peridotites and peridotitic komatiites to generate a speculative model for the nature of mid-oceanic ridges in the Archaean. D. B. Dingwell, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Postfach 10 12 51, 8580 Bayreuth, West Germany. (Received March 12, 1990; accepted April 9, 1990.) 

Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Special Section on Silicate Melts and Mantle Petrogenesis

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Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Introduction to C. M. Scarfe Memorial: Special Section on Silicate Melts and Mantle Petrogenesis

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