Trichoptera were collected by light trapping in the Börzsöny Mountains in 1996,1998 and 1999 at Bernecebaráti and Királyrét. Caddisflies were listed into the following

flight period types: short, medium or long flight activity, and autumn or summer species. The weekly flight activity patterns of some caddisfly species and their comparison are discussed

Schmera, Dénes

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Opusc. ZooL Budapest XXXIII, 2fXJlSeasonal activity of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)in the Börzsöny Mountains, North HungaryByD. ScHMERA *Abstract. Trichoptera were collected by light trapping in the Börzsöny Mountains in1996,1998 and 1999 at Bernecebaráti and Királyret. Caddisflies were listed into the followingflight period types: short, medium or long flight activity, and autumn or summer species. Theweekly flight activity patterns of some caddisfly species and their comparison are discussed.In the temperate zone, the activity of adult Trichoptera is stronglyregulated by seasonal conditions, thus, the coldest part of the year is typicallyunsuitable for flight and reproduction. As a result, the adult caddisflies showspecific flight activity patterns. These patterns ace different by regions ofEurope. The information about the seasonal activity pattern of Trichoptera inHungary is very limited.The literature data on the flight of caddisflies in Hungary were dividedinto two parts. The qualitative data of the flight of a species can becharacterized by a time interval (from May to June or from July to October,etc.) or by a definition (summer species or autumn species, etc.). on the otherhand, the qualitative data show a frequency distribution among the studiedtime-intervals. Based on this division, there ace many informations on theactivity periods (qualitative data) of different species. Unfortunately, theinterpretations of some definitions (summer species, autumn species, etc.) acenot given in the Hungarian literature.However, the flight periods (qualitative data) ace not sufficient forinformation on the quantitative aspect of flight activity patterns. There acesome data about the flight activity patterns of some caddisfly species from theMecsek Mountains (Nógrádi, 1987; Nógrádi & Uherkovich, 1991) and fromthe Visegrádi Mountains (Nógrádi et al, 1991). The quantitative data aboutthe flight of caddisflies from the Northern Mountains ace very limited. In thisstudy, 1 intend to give more information about the activity periods and theflight activity pattern of some Hungarian Trichoptera species..~nes &hmera, MTA Növényvédelmi Kutatóintézet (Plant Protection Institute of theHungarian Academy of Sciences), 1029 Budapest, Nagykovácsi út 26-30, Hungary.83Material and methodsSampJmg sitesThe study area can be found in the Börzsöny Mountains in NorthHungary. The first study area at Bernecebaráti, at 300 m above sea-Ievel, isfound in the northern part of the Börzsöny Mountains, on andesite andandesite-tuff base. The second sampling site is located at Királyrét, at 350 mabove &ee level, also in the Börzsöny Mountains.Sampling methodsCaddisflies were caught by light traps. One light trap with a 160 Wmercury vapour bulb, 2 m above ground level, was placed near the BemeceiStream (Bernecebaráti, UTM CU42). This trap was operated from June to theend of October in 1996, and from May to the end of October in 1998.The second light trap was operated with a 100 W normal bulb, 2 m aboveground level at Királyrét (UTM CU40). The trap operated from May to the endof October in 1999. The light trap was placed near the Morgó Stream.Flight activitiesThe percentages of the same species were studied at standard weeks (thefirst day of the year is the first day of the first standard week). The flightactivity pattern of the species is given from the 19th to the 44th weeks (Fig. 1).The swarming of the species were calculated with the following formula:Swarming begins on a given standard week, when the number of specimensreaches 2.5% of the total catch. The swarming ends on the week, when thenumber of the specimens collected is 97.5% of the total catch. This calculationshows time interval of the flight of caddisflies (95% of the total catch). Thisnumber may be more informative about the flight, because the trimming ofthe earliest and latest catches works as noise elimination.The length of the flight at studied caddisfly species is determined asfollows. The lengths of the flight activities were listed into 3 artificial groups:long if the length of the flight activity is longer than 14 weeks. Medium long isthe activity if the length of the flight activity is between 8 and 14 weeks, andshort if the interval is smaller than 8 weeks.The spring, summer or autumn species are defined on the occurrence ofthe highest percentage of the individuals collected in those periods.84..FV. 1/5. Ecclisopteryx I18dkla.-'-'--'--"--' '-'-'-.: t ..1. -i.1..."""""",,-,-,.,.,",.,.,-,1"." """"a""".""..""a"".~""""F~. 1/10. tiydropsyche saxonk:a~ FQ. 119. Hydropsyche ilatablisw...': '___8_1.8_81..-1..- i"m""".."a"a"~"""".~'7...""""..FIg. 1113. ~Iycenlropus flavonBcuiatus.. ..,__II.II ~~ ~. ..I"~"""""""aa.""""MM"aa.""""~. 1/16. Silo palipes: r ' ~..Fig. 1. The weekly flight activity pattern of some caddisfly species in the Börzsöny Mountains85Results and discussionData of 5861 individuals belonging to 16 species were studied. The list ofspecies is given in Table 1. The flight activity patterns of species are shown inFig. 1. This study gives the first quantitative information about the flightactivity patterns of Agapetus delicatulus/ Anabolia furcata/ Chaetopteryxfusca/ Ecclisopteryx madida/ Goera pilosa/ Hydropsyche instabilis/ Microp-terna testacea/ Polycentropus flavomaculatusand Silo pallipesin Hungary.Agapetus delicatulus (Fig. 1/1). The only data about the flight activitypattern in Hungary come from Nógrádi et al. (1996). They give the followingflight period: from June to July. My results are identical with their data. It is asummer species with short flight period.Anabolia furcata (Fig. 1/2). Kiss (1978, 1984), Nógrádi et al. (1996) andKiss et al. (1999) give some informations on the flight period of the species. Itis an autumn species with a short flight period.Athripsodes bilineatus(Fig. 1/3). There are no data about the flight of thisspecies in the literature. This is a summer species with a flight period ofmedium length.86Chaetopteryx fusca (Fig. 1/4). There are several informations about theflight of this species (Kiss, 1979, 1987, 1989; Nógrádi et al, 1996; Kiss et al.,1999). It is a typical autumn species with a short flight period.EccJisopteryx madida (Fig. 1/5). We have good records on the flightperiod of this species (Kiss, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1987; Nógrádi et al, 1996). It is anauturnn caddisfly with a short flight period.Goera piJosa (Fig. 1/6). There are some data about the flight period (Kiss,1978; Nógrádi, 1985; Nógrádi et al., 1996). It is a sumrner species with a flightperiod of medium length.HaJesus digitatus (Fig. 1/7). An auturnn species (Kiss, 1978, 1983, 1984,1987; Kiss et al, 1999; Nógrádi et al., 1996) with a short flight period. There arealso quantitative data about it (Kiss, 1989; Nógrádi et al, 1991). My resultscorrespond to these data. The quantitative data show that the flight begins insumrner, but the flight activity is larger in auturnn.Hydropsyche contubel71aJis (Fig. 1/8). Qualitative data are given aboutthe flight of this species by Nógrádi and Uherkovich (1991) and Nógrádi et al.(1991), Uherkovich and Nógrádi (1990). The quanti~tive data show a flightactivity pattern with one peak. Schmidt and Robert (1995) show two peaks inthe flight activity pattern of H contubel71aJis in Germany. In Hungary there isonly one peak: this species has one generation here. Andrikovics and Ujhelyi(1983), Nógrádi et al (1996), Nógrádi (1985), Kiss et al. (1999) give also goodinformations about the flight activity of this species.Hydropsyche instabiJis (Fig. 1/9). There are several records about theflight activity pattern. Kiss (1983) lists this species in the spring aspect andalso in the sumrner aspect (1984, 1987). The flight period continues fromsumrner to autumn (Kiss, 1979; Kiss et al, 1999; Nógrádi et al, 1996). In theBörzsöny Mountains, it is a sumrner species with a flight period of a mediumlength.Hydropsyche saxonica (Fig. 1/10). In the Bakony (Nógrádi & Uherkovich,1985), Mecsek Mountains (Nógrádi, 1987) and at Zselic Downs (Nógrádi &Uherkovich 1990) it is a typical sumrner species. There are also some dataabout the flight period in the works of Uherkovich and Nógrádi (1991), Kiss(1979), and Nógrádi et al (1996). The species has a flight period of mediumlength.Microptel71a nycterobia (Fig. 1/11). The flight activity pattern of thisspecies is very interesting. Kiss describes an auturnn flight period for thisspecies (Kiss, 1983, 1984). Other literature data indicate a long flight periodfrom summer to auturnn (Nógrádi et al., 1996; Kiss, 1979). Nógrádi et al(1991) and Kiss et al (1999) give an activity with sumrner interruption(Malicky, 1987). In the Börzsöny Mountains there are two flight activityperiods with a sumrner interruption. The first flight starts in spring and stopsin early summer, the second flight starls and stops in auturnn.Micropterna testacea (Fig. 1/12). Kiss (1979, 1984, 1987), Nógrádi et al(1996) give information about the flight period of this species. It is an autumncaddisfly species with a short flight period.Polycentropus flavomaculatus.(Fig. 1/13). There are some records aboutthe flight activity of this species (Kiss, 1979, 1983; Nógrádi et al, 1996). It is asummer species with a short flight period.Potamophylax rotundipennis (Fig. 1/14). There are many quantitative(Nógrádi & Uherkovich, 1985; Nógrádi, 1987) and qualitative (Uherkovich &Nógrádi, 1991; Kiss, 1979; Nógrádi et al, 1996; Kiss et al, 1999) data about theflight activity. It is a autumn species with a long flight period in the BörzsönyMountains.Rhyacophila fasciata (Fig. 1/15). There are numerous qualitative (Nógrádi& Uherkovich, 1985; Nógrádi, 1987; Nógrádi & Uherkovich, 1991) andquantitative (Kiss, 1978, 1983, 1984, 1987; Nógrádi et al, 1996; Kiss et al., 1999)data about the flight of this species. In the Börzsöny Mountains it shows acontinuous, long activity period.Silo pallipes (Fig. 1/16). There are many data on the flight period of thiscaddisfly species (Kiss, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1987; Nógrádi et al, 1996; Kiss et al,1999). In the Börzsöny Mountains it is a summer species with a flight period ofmedium length.In conclusion, there are 9 caddisfly species with summer activities and 6species with autumn activity on the one hand, there are 5 caddsfly specieswith short, 8 with medium and 2 with long swarming periods on the otherhand (Micropterna nycterobia was not listed). This flight activity patternrepresented catches of Trichoptera collected by light trapping in the BörzsönyMountains at two permanent streams. This picture can be different at atemporary stream near these sampling sites (Sommerhauser et al, 1997).Acknowledgements. 1 thank Dr. Árpád Szentesi (Budapest) for his comments on themanuscript. This research was supported by the National Scientific Research Grant (OTKA),No. FO26600.REFERENCES1. ANDRIKOVIQ;, S. &. UJHELYI, S. (1983): Trichoptera of the Hungarian part of Lake Fert6 (afaunistical and ecological treatise). -Fol Ent. Hung., 44: 5-8.2. KI.$, O. 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Caddisflies of the Eastern Mountains,

Flight periods and life strategies of caddmflies in temporary and permanent woodland brooks in the Lower Rhine area (Germany).

Foundation of the caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna of the Visegrádi Mountains.

Naturkundliche Untersuchungen zum Naturschutzgebiet &quot;Die 5pey&quot;

The Trichoptera fauna of Nagyszombatfa, West Hungary. -Janus Pannonius Múz.

The Trichoptera fauna of the

The trichoptera fauna of the Bükk National Park. -In:

The Trichoptera fauna of the Zselic Downs, Hungary. -Janus Pannonius Múz.

Trichoptera fauna of a typical cultivated region of the Carpathian Basin by light trap examination. -Janus Pannonius Múz.

Trichoptera of the Hungarian part of Lake Fert6 (a faunistical and ecological treatise). -Fol Ent.

Seasonal activity of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in the Börzsöny Mountains, North Hungary

Seasonal activity of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in the Börzsöny Mountains, North Hungary

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