J.P.R. Martins

K.K. Ferreira

Lucília Ribeiro

Manuel Fernando R Pereira

Portuguese

Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto

III Reunião do Grupo do Carbono 1 Sustainable production of aviation fuels directly from palmitic acid  J.P.R. Martins1,2, K.K. Ferreira1,2, L.S. Ribeiro1,2, M.F.R. Pereira1,2,*  1 LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 2 ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal *fpereira@fe.up.pt In recent years, there has been a growing effort to reduce the use of fossil fuels, particularly in the transport sector. In this sense, biomass appears to be a sustainable alternative that could replace oil derivatives, such as petrol and diesel, due to its low cost [1,2,3].   In this work, the process of converting palmitic acid (a model compound from microalgae) through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction was studied, where the main objective was the formation of hydrocarbons in the aviation fuels range (C8-C16). To this end, bi- and monometallic catalysts composed of 1-4% Mo and 2.5-10.5% Ru supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized. Catalytic tests were carried out, in which 0.5 g of palmitic acid, 50 mL of solvent (decane or dodecane) and 0.25 g of catalyst were introduced into a batch reactor (Parr Instruments) under stirring at 150 rpm and H2 pressure of 30 bar. After heating to 350 ºC, the reaction was started and carried out for 6 h, after which the reaction mixture was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS Shimadzu TQ-8040 NX). The prepared materials were characterised by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and N2 adsorption isotherms. The conversion of palmitic acid and the yield of hexadecane (C16) were calculated, and the effects of the support (CNT and CNTox), solvent and metal content were assessed.  Based on the results obtained, the catalyst metal content proved to be a determining factor to obtain a higher C16 yield. Thus, the catalysts with a higher metal content, namely 2.5%Ru-10.5%Mo/CNTox and 2.5%Ru-10.5%Mo/CNT, allowed to attain the best results: 60.2% and 57.6% yield of C16, respectively. Among the prepared monometallic catalysts, 10.5%Mo/CNT and 2.5%Ru/CNTox, the former led to the formation of 29.7% yield of C16 and 84% conversion of palmitic acid, while the latter resulted in a C16 yield of 3.1% and complete palmitic acid conversion. As for the other parameters evaluated, it was concluded that the use of CNTox as support and decane as solvent did not significantly affect the results obtained.  Acknowledgements This work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): LSRE-LCM, UIDB/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/50020/2020) and UIDP/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/50020/2020); and ALiCE, LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020). K. K. Ferreira acknowledges her Ph.D. scholarship (2022.12949.BD) from FCT. References [1] R. Ding, Y. Wu, Y. Chen, H. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Shi, M. Yang, Catalysis Science & Technology, 6 (2016) 2065. [2] X. Li, M. Lin, R. Li, Q. Lu, M. Yang, Y. Wu, Fuel, 332 (2023) 126139. [3] M. Zhang, Y. Hu, H. Wang, H. Li, X. Han, Y. Zeng, C.C. Xu, Molecular Catalysis, 504 (2021) 111438.  

Sustainable production of aviation fuels directly from palmitic acid

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Sustainable production of aviation fuels directly from palmitic acid

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