The field experiment was carried out for consecutive two years during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to study the effect of fertility management practices on elephant foot yam which revealed that application of FYM 25 t/ha alone or N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha resulted in tall and wider spread plants. Application of N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha resulted in higher corm diameter (25.55 cm), corm yield/plant (2159 g/plant) and corm yield/ha (37.6 t/ha). The yield attributes and yield with the application of N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ ha + FYM 10 t/ha were on par with the application of FYM 25 t/ha. Higher corm bulking rate at early stage (8.32- 9.11 g/day) followed by higher corm bulking efficiency (437.50%) led to higher corm yield with the application of N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha. Hence, the fertilizer level N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha may be recommended for farmers growing elephant foot yam under irrigated alfisols

BISWANATH SAHOO

M. NEDUNCHEZHIYAN

PINAKI ACHARYYA

English

The Bioscan

NSave Nature to Survive10(3): 1255-1257, 2015 (Supplement on Agronomy)www.thebioscan.in1255PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ELEPHANT FOOT YAM(AMORPHOPHALLUS PAEONIIFOLIUS (DENNST.) NICOLSON) INALFISOLS AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILITY LEVELSBISWANATH SAHOO1, M. NEDUNCHEZHIYAN2* AND PINAKI ACHARYYA31Krishi Vigyan Kendra, OUAT, Bhadrak - 756 111, Odisha, INDIA2Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar - 751 019, Odisha, INDIA3Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner - 334 006, Rajasthan, INDIAe-mail: mnedun@gmail.comINTRODUCTIONElephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.)Nicolson) is one among the root and tuber crops, belongs toAraceae family and grown widely in the tropics and sub-tropics.Presently, the status of elephant foot yam is elevated from asmall scale subsistence crop to a large scale commercial cropdue to its wide range of uses such as for culinary purpose,pickle making and is a good remedy for patients sufferingfrom piles, asthma, dysentery and abdominal pain (Mishra etal., 2002). The corms are usually eaten boiled, mashed orsometimes pounded, frequently mixed with other staples, suchas sour vegetables. Even the stem and flowers are used asfood (Raghu et al., 1999). It also contains vitamins, minerals,and energy (Bradbury and Holloway, 1988; Chowdhury andHussain, 1979; Parkinson, 1984) and has medicinal andtherapeutic value (Chattopadhyay and Nath, 2007).The elephant foot yam is one important among the aroids andresponds well to application of manures and fertilizers. Undersandy loam soils of West Bengal, Mukhopadhyay and Sen(1986) reported that elephant foot yam responded to N and K150 kg/ha and P2O5 60 kg/ha. External application of majornutrients is essential for higher growth and yield of elephantfoot yam in alfisols. Alfisols are low in organic matter content.Patel and Mehta (1987) reported an increase in corm yieldwith the application of FYM 30 t/ha along with fertilizer nitrogen.Thus, the application of organic manures enhances thefertilizer use efficiency. Keeping the above in view, in alfisolsan investigation was carried out to find the effect of variedinorganic and organic fertilizers on productivity potential ofelephant foot yam.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe field experiment was carried out for consecutive two yearsduring 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Regional Centre of CentralTuber crops Research Institute (200 14’53.25’’ N and85047’25.85’’E and 33m above mean sea level), Dumduma,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Texturally the soil was sandyloam with neutral soil reaction (pH 6.7). The soil type ofexperimental site was alfisols and falls under the family onTypic Rhodustalfs. The experiment was laid out in randomizedblock design (RBD) with three replications. The experimentwas comprised of eight treatments viz. T1-Control, T2 -60-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha, T3 - 80-60-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha, T4 -100-60-100 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha, T5 - FYM 10 t/ha +60-60-60N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha, T6 – FYM@ 10 t/ha +80-60-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha, T7 - FYM 10 t/ha + 100-60-100 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha,T8– FYM 25 t/ha. The variety Gajendra was planted at thespacing of 75 cm on the ridges formed at the spacing of a 75cm. The fertilizers and manures were applied as per treatments.Single super phosphate was applied as a basal dose duringthe final ploughing and 1/3rd of N and K were applied as basaldose where as rest of N and K were applied in two equal splitsat one and two months after planting. The other package ofpractices as standardized by Central Tuber Crop ResearchABSTRACTThe field experiment was carried out for consecutive two years during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to study the effectof fertility management practices on elephant foot yam which revealed that application of FYM 25 t/ha alone orN-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha resulted in tall and wider spread plants. Application of N-P2O5-K2O100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha resulted in higher corm diameter (25.55 cm), corm yield/plant (2159 g/plant)and corm yield/ha (37.6 t/ha). The yield attributes and yield with the application of N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha were on par with the application of FYM 25 t/ha. Higher corm bulking rate at early stage (8.32-9.11 g/day) followed by higher corm bulking efficiency (437.50%) led to higher corm yield with the applicationof N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha. Hence, the fertilizer level N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha +FYM 10 t/ha may be recommended for farmers growing elephant foot yam under irrigated alfisols.KEYWORDSElephant foot yamNutrient levelsCorm bulking rateCorm yieldReceived on :10.05.2015Accepted on :18.08.2015*Correspondingauthor1256BISWANATH SAHOO et al.,Institute (CTCRI), Thiruvanthapuram (ICAR) was followed(Mohankumar and Kabeerathumma, 1994). The meanmaximum and minimum temperatures ranged between 29.4-38.30C and 15.4-26.60C, respectively and mean maximumand minimum relative humidity varied in between 61.5-90.7%. The average annual rainfall was between 1274 mmand maximum precipitation was recorded during June toSeptember over both the experimental year.The corm bulking rate (CBR) was calculated by the followingmethod:Where, W2 and W1 are the final and initial weight in gram (g)per plant at time t1 and t2 respectively.The corm bulking efficiency (CBE) was computed by thefollowing methodWhere C0 and Cs are the corm weight at the time of observationand weight of seed corm (Cs) planted, respectively. The datawere statistically analyzed by following the method of Panseand Sukhatme (1967).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONGrowth attributesThe mean result of the two years investigation on the effect ofdifferent fertility levels on days to sprouting has been presentedin Table 1. It was evident from the Table 1 that faster 50%sprouting of elephant foot yam cv. Gajendra was attained intreatment T4 and T5. However, treatment T7 resulted in faster100% sprouting closely followed by T8. This might be due toaddition of farm yard manure (FYM) in these treatments thatresulted in retaining higher moisture and inducedphysiological process for sprouting of tubers. The datacorroborates with the findings of Singh et al. 2013.Plant height and spread increased with the advancement ofage upto 5 MAP and then the plant showed symptom ofsenescence (yellowing) (Fig. 1). Hence, the data on plant heightand spread were presented upto 5 MAP (Table 1). At 5 MAP,the treatments T8 and T7 registered taller plants, wider canopyspread and higher pseudostem diameter. Growth hormonespresent in the FYM in the above treatment might have helpedthe plants for rapid cell multiplication. Similar results of increasein plant height for higher levels of inorganic fertilizers (N, Pand K) in taro have been realized by Bhuyan and Quasem(1983), Purewal and Dargan (1957), Hossain and Rashid(1982) and Rahman and Rashid (1983).YieldThe effect of differential fertility levels on the yield attributes ofelephant foot yam is depicted in Table 2. The pooled meandata for two years of investigation revealed that the treatmentT7 resulted in highest corm diameter and corm yield per plant.The CBR and CBE indicated that up to 3 MAP, the treatment T7recorded higher corm bulking rate followed by T8. A similartrend of CBR and CBE were also noticed in 3-5 MAP and 5-8MAP (Table 2).The corm yield as influenced by different fertility managementas given in Table 2 revealed that all the fertility levels except T2significantly increased the corm yield. The application ofTreatments Days to Days to Pseudostem Canopy spread Pseudo stem diametersprouting (50%) sprouting (100%) height at 5 MAP (cm) at 5 MAP (cm) at 5 MAP (cm)T135.4 58.8 88.3 86.2 10.9T234.6 57.0 90.4 88.3 11.2T333.4 57.0 92.9 92.0 11.6T432.8 57.1 95.1 92.1 12.7T532.8 56.1 100.9 96.6 12.9T635.2 55.3 103.7 99.6 13.1T734.6 53.7 107.2 102.0 13.9T835.7 53.8 110.5 106.4 13.6SEm ± 0.46 0.71 3.33 2.77 0.27CD (5%) 1.3 2.1 9.7 8.1 0.8Table 1: Effect of fertility levels on sprouting of elephant foot yam (pooled mean of 2 years)Treatments Corm diameter Corm yield CBR(g day-1) CBE(%) Corm yield(cm) (gplant-1) 0-3 MAP 3-5 MAP 5-8 MAP 0-3 MAP 3-5 MAP 5-8 MAP (t ha-1)T119.55 1045 3.56 4.96 5.58 9.00 54.50 161.25 18.3T220.60 1390 4.83 5.94 6.23 20.88 98.12 247.50 24.3T321.60 1555 5.15 6.89 7.11 26.37 129.75 288.75 27.2T423.00 1695 5.85 7.51 7.94 31.75 141.12 323.75 29.6T523.40 1845 6.58 7.89 8.75 48.12 166.50 361.25 32.3T624.50 2020 7.81 8.47 8.98 75.75 202.88 405.00 35.4T725.55 2150 8.32 9.11 9.49 87.25 224.00 437.50 37.6T824.65 2060 7.95 8.98 9.00 78.87 212.38 415.00 36.1SEm± 0.651 42 0.102 0.171 0.171 1.782 4.829 10.988 0.71CD (5%) 1.90 124 0.29 0.50 0.50 5.20 14.10 32.08 2.1Table 2: Effect of fertility levels on yield attributes and yield of elephant foot yam (Pooled mean of 2 years)CBR (g plant-1) =W2 – W1 t1- t2CBE (%) =CO - CS SC× 1001257PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ELEPHANT FOOT YAMhigher dose of inorganic fertilizers recorded higher corm yield.The application of inorganic fertilizers + FYM 10 t/ha recordedhigher corm yield than application of only inorganic fertilizer.Patel and Mehta (1987) also reported similar results andreported FYM is essential for increasing fertilizer use efficiencyin elephant foot yam. The application of FYM 10 t/ha + N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha resulted in significantly highercorm yield (37.6 t/ha). The corm yield with the application ofFYM 10 t/ha + N-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha was 105%higher over the control treatment. The higher yield in thistreatment was due to higher growth (Table 1) and yield attributes(Table 2). Similar findings were also reported byNedunchezhiyan (2014). The sole application of FYM 25 t/haproduced 36.1 t/ha which was at par with that of T7. Thismight be due to higher amount of nutrients contributed fromthe FYM 25 t/ha apart from growth promoting substances.Chattopadhyay et al. (2008) also reported similar findings inelephant foot yam. The treatments comprising of only N-P2O5-K2O fertilizers (T3 and T4) also recorded significantly moreyield over control. However, the corm yield did not changedappreciably at lower doses of N-P2O5-K2O i.e. 60-60-60 kg/ha(T2). This indicates that elephant foot yam requires high amountof nutrients and responds to external application of organicand inorganic fertilizers.It can be concluded from the study that elephant foot yamrequires higher amount of N, P and K nutrients. The yield isproportional to the unit of nutrients applied. Further, applicationof FYM increased the growth and corm yield of elephant footyam due to supplement of nutrients and growth hormonesapart from improving soil organic matter. But FYM aloneapplication is not feasible because it requires huge quantity tosubstitute inorganic fertilizer. The availability of huge quantityof FYM is a major constraint. Hence, integrated application ofN-P2O5-K2O 100-60-100 kg/ha + FYM 10 t/ha may berecommended for higher corm productivity under alfisolsunder irrigated conditions.Figure 1: Field view of elephant foot yam cultivationREFERENCESBhuyan, M. A. J. and Quasem, M. A. 1983. Effect of nitrogen on theyield of mukhi-kachu (Colocasia esculenta). Bangladesh J. Agril.Research. 8(1): 65-67.Bradbury, J. H. and Holloway, W. D. 1988. Chemistry of tropicalroot crops: significance for nutrition and agriculture in the Pacific. InAustralian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra,Australia.Chattopadhyay, A. and Nath, R. 2007. Medicinal importance ofsome well known and unexploited roots and tubers. Agricultureupdate. Hind. Agri-Hort. Soc. 2: 80-82.Chattopadhyay, A., Mukhopadhyay, S. K. and Nath, R. 2008. Shortduration vegetables as intercrops in elephant foot yam in the gangeticalluvium of West Bengal: analysis of growth, yield and economics. J.Root Crops. 34(1): 10-14.Chowdhury, B. and Hussain, M. 1979. Chemical composition of theedible parts of aroids grown in Bangladesh. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 49:110–115.Hossain, M. M. and Rashid, M. M. 1982. Effect of different levels ofnitrogen on the yield of mukhi- kachu (Colocasia esculenta).BangladeshHort. 10(1): 23-26.Misra, R. S., Nedunchezhiyan, M., Shivalingaswamy, T. M. and EdisonS. 2002. Mass multiplication techniques for producing quality plantingof Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Araceae).Aroideana. 25: 78-87.Mohankumar, B. and Kabeerathumma, S. 1994. Agro and nutritionalrequirements of aroids and minor tubers. In: Advances in Horticulture.8. Tuber crops. Chadha, K.L. and Nair G.G (Eds), Malhotra publishinghouse, New Delhi, pp. 271-292.Mukhopadhyay, S. K. and Sen, H. 1986. Effect of nitrogen andpotassium on yield and quality of elephant foot yam (Amorphophalluscampanulatus Blume). J. Root Crops. 12(2): 103-106.Nedunchezhiyan, M. 2014. Production potential of intercroppingspices in elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian J.Agron. 59(4): 596-601.Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. 1967. Statistical Methods forAgricultural Workers, I.C.A.R, New Delhi, India.Parkinson, S. 1984. The contribution of aroids in the nutrition ofpeople in the South Pacific. In: Edible aroids, Edited by: Chandra, S.Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 215-224.Purewal, S. S and Dargan, K. S. 1957. Effect of spacing on developmentand yield of arum (Colocasia esculenta). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 27: 151-162.Patel, B. M. and Mehta, H. M. 1987. Effect of farm yard manure,spacing and nitrogen application on chemical constituents of elephantfoot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus). Gujarat Agric. Univ. Res.J. 13(1): 46-47.Raghu, A., Deepa V. C and Sundaran, K. 1999. A study on soorana(Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). The king of the Tubers (In:) TropicalTuber Crops in Food Security and Nutrition. Oxford and IBHPublishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. pp. 10-14.Rahman, M. A. and Rashid, M. M. 1983. Effect of nitrogen applicationand desuckering on the yield of Pani-kachu (Colocasia esculenta).Bangladesh Hort. 11(2): 9-13.Singh, R., Bhusan, S., Kumar, S. and Shanker, R. 2013. Yieldassessment of elephant foot yam grown under multilayer vegetablecropping system. The Bioscan. 8(4): 1237-1239.1258

PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (AMORPHOPHALLUS PAEONIIFOLIUS (DENNST.) NICOLSON) IN ALFISOLS AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILITY LEVELS

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PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ELEPHANT FOOT YAM (AMORPHOPHALLUS PAEONIIFOLIUS (DENNST.) NICOLSON) IN ALFISOLS AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILITY LEVELS

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