Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de palangre de merluza negra en aguas de Mauritania, 2013: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información

FAO 2013-2014. FAO CECAF Scientific Committee (FAO CECAF- SC)

Fernández-Peralta, L. (Lourdes)

García-Isarch, E. (Eva)

English

Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de palangre de merluza negra en aguas de Mauritania, 2013: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información.Peer reviewe

García-Isarch, Eva

Fernández-Peralta, Lourdes

Digital.CSIC

Spain Longliners black hake fishery - Mauritanian waters, 2013

Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO

  Fishery Resources Monitoring SystemFishery  Fact SheetCECAF Fisheries Reports 2013Spain Longliners black hake fishery - Mauritanianwaters, 2013Palangriers Espagnols de pêche fraîche au merlu noirFishery life cycleThe fishing agreement is expired in 2012 but the licences have been extended up to date.Overview: The fleet is composed of vessels from Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula), mainly from SantaEugenia de Riveira, and some units from Vigo and La Coruña. Fewer vessels have their main port inLas Palmas (Canary Islands) and Ceuta (N Africa). Currently, the vessels belonging to this fleet aremainly based in Santa Eugenia de Riveira (Galicia), in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands) and inAlgeciras (Andalucia, S Iberian Peninsula). These are vessels that used to operate in the Moroccanfishing grounds. This is a very selective fishery that targets black hakes (M. polli and M. senegalensis),although their proportion in landings is less than the one registered for the bottom trawl fishery. Thefishery also targets the Atlantic pomfret Brama brama, which is either intensively fished the last days ofthe fishing trip or fished in fishing trips exclusively targeting it. During the last two years of the fishery, itexclusively has targeted B. brama, with low catches of black hakes. The fishing area is located North oflatitude 19°15,6’ N (Cape Timiris), west of the line joining a series of points defined by the FishingAgreement; South of Cape Timiris as far as latitude 17°50,0’ N (Nouackchott) west of the 18-mile line;and South of Nouackchott, west of the 12-mile line. During the closed seasons for cephalopod fisheriesthe fishing zone changes as follows: Between Cap Blanc and Cap Timiris, the exclusion zone is definedby the points defined in the Fishing Agreement; South of Cap Timiris (south of latitude 19° 15,6’ N) andup to Nouakchott (17° 50,0’ N), the exclusion zone is the 18-mile line; and South of Nouakchott (south oflatitude 17° 50,0’ N), the exclusion zone is the 12-mile line. Fresh fish is landed at the Port of Vigo portonce a fortnight using the same methods as trawlers (see MRT12- “Spanish bottom wet fish trawlersblack hake fishery in Mauritania”). Hakes are sold eviscerated and classified in two or three commercialcategories.Location of Spain Longliners black hake fishery -Mauritanian watersAPPROACH: FISHING ACTIVITYFishing ActivitySet longlines: Commercial;Industrial: Mauritania; Atlantic, East …: All year longData OwnershipThis document provided, maintained and owned by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , is part ofCECAF Fisheries Reports - Spain data collection.Main layersFAO areas and their sub-divisionsEEZAssociated layersGeographic referenceIntersecting layersIntersecting: FAO major fishing areasBase layers200 nautical miles arcsGeographic reference:  SpainSpatial Scale: NationalHarvested ResourceSenegalese hake; BenguelahakeAtlantic pomfret;Schedophilus nei; Pandoras nei …   Means of ProductionLonglinersFishery Indicators: Number of vessels: Number of fishermen: Catch total; Catch Merluccius spp.;Catch B. brama; Catch Schedophilus spp.;Catch Pagellus spp.; Catch C. congerTable of ContentsOverview -  Fishery History - Fishing Activity - Post Harvest - Management - Status and Trends - Sourceof InformationHistory The bottom longline fleet, which mainly operates in the northern area of the Mauritanian fishing grounds,has been intermittent in recent years. This fishery started at the beginning of the ‘90s, when some Galicianvessels gradually incorporated to the Mauritanian fishing ground. It was in 1990 when the FisheryAgreement included a GRT for longliners into the modality “Black hake fisheries”. This GRT wasincreased in the Agreement of 1996, when the modality name changed to “bottom trawl and longlinefishery for black hake”.Fishing ActivityType of production system: Commercial; Industrial   Fishery AreaClimatic zone: Temperate.   Bottom type: Soft_bottom_clean_sand; Hard_rocky_bottom.   Depth zone: Shelf (50 m -200 m); Slope - Upperslope (200 m - 500 m).   Horizontal distribution: Neritic.   Vertical distribution:Demersal/Benthic.   Sea floor physiography: Canyons.  Geo References for: MauritaniaMauritaniaExclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ) MRT - MauritaniaFAO Fishing Statistical Subdivisions 34.3.11 - Atlantic, East central / 34.3.11More Geo References5000 km2000 nmiThe following area codes have been found as intersecting the location of Spain Longliners black hakefishery - Mauritanian watersFAO Major Fishing Areas 34 - Atlantic, Eastern CentralLarge Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) 27 - Canary CurrentDetails of geoform: Edge of canyons and wells.The Mauritanian coast is part of one of the four majortrade-wind driven continental margin upwelling zones in the world oceans, the northwestern Africanupwelling system (or the Canary Current System). In the Eastern Central Atlantic, the dynamics of aneastern boundary current interacting with trade wind-driven upwelling control this marine ecosystemwith exceptionally high primary and secondary productivity (Cury and Roy, 1989; Binet, 1997;Demarcq and Faure, 2000). The upwelling off Mauritania is being described as a wind drivenupwelling system restricted to a narrow strip along the coast. It can be separated into two regimes:south of approximately 20ºN upwelling is most pronounced during winter and spring, whereasupwelling north of 20ºN occurs all year round with a maximum intensity in summer and early fall(Mittelstaedt, 1991). The marked seasonality of upwellings and the latitudinal displacement through theMauritanian and Senegalese coasts, produce important changes in the structure of the biologicalcommunities. In short periods (weeks), the system can alternate from a warm equatorial phase to a coldsubtropical phase, this deriving in an alternated dominance between tropical and templates communities(Meiners, 2007). Off Cape Blanc the upwelling occurs throughout the year with periods of strongerintensity, while it lasts nine months off Nouakchott.Resources ExploitedSenegal hake, Benguela hake - Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaSeabreams - Northwest AfricaOther resources: Stocks of atlantic pomfrets, schedophilus, pandoras, scorpionfishes and congers.Target SpeciesMerluccius senegalensisFAO Names : en - Senegalese hake, fr - Merlu du Sénégal, es - Merluza del Senegal, ru - МерлузасинегальскаяMerluccius polliFAO Names : en - Benguela hake, fr - Merlu d'Afrique tropicale, es - Merluza de Benguela, ru - Мерлуза бенгальскаяAdultsAssociated Species (Bycatch)Brama bramaFAO Names : en - Atlantic pomfret, fr - Grande castagnole, es - Japuta, ru - Лещ морскойатлантическийSchedophilus sppFAO Names : en - Schedophilus nei, fr - Rouffes nca, es - Rufos nepPagellus sppFAO Names : en - Pandoras nei, fr - Pageots nca, es - Brecas nep, ru - ПагелыScorpaeniformesScorpaena sppFAO Names : en - Scorpionfishes, rockfishes nei, fr - Rascasses nca, es - Rascacios, cabrachos nepTrachyscorpia sppFAO Names : nullConger congerFAO Names : en - European conger, fr - Congre d'Europe, es - Congrio común, ru - Угорь морской(=конгер)SparidaeFAO Names : en - Porgies, seabreams nei, fr - Dentés, spares nca, es - Dentones, sargos nep, ru - Спаровые (=морские караси)Decapterus spScomber japonicusFAO Names : en - Chub mackerel, fr - Maquereau espagnol, es - Estornino, ru - Скумбрия японскаяAdultsDiscarded Species (Bycatch)Trichiurus lepturusFAO Names : en - Largehead hairtail, fr - Poisson-sabre commun, es - Pez sable, ru - Рыба-сабляMistryophis crosnieriColoconger cadenatiFAO Names : nullDecapterus sp. (19%), Scomber japonicus (9%), Trichiurus lepturus (17%), Mistryophis crosnieri (7%),Coloconger cadenati (5%).Juveniles (commercial species) or unspecified (other species)Related Fisheries - Fishery(ies) switching activity seasonally or targeting thesame stockSpain Bottom trawl black hake fishery - Senegalese watersSpain Bottom wet fish trawler black hake fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, South 29°NRelated Fisheries - Same fishing activity(ies) described by another nationalperspective (at the same or different aggregation level)Morocco Offshore Spanish gillnetter hake fishery - Atlantic coastVessel TypeLonglinersFlag StateSpainThe average characteristics during 2007 were 149 GRT, 296 h.p and 26 m lengthCatch Handling and Processing EquipmentHakes eviscerated and classified in two or three commercial categories. Catches are preserved in ice.Crew12-14 persons (Spanish, Mauritanian and Senegalese nationality) (2009)Fleet segmentSet longlines for demersal fishThese are vessels that used to operate in the Moroccan fishing ground (see MAR19-“Offshore Spanishlongliner hake fishery- Morocco Atlantic coast”). Currently, vessels belonging to this fleet are based inSanta Eugenia de Riveira (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula), in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)and in Algeciras (Andalucía, S Iberian Peninsula).Fishing GearSet longlinesThe gear is composed of a main line with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch linescalled “snoods”. An average number of 100-120 snoods (approximately 12 000-14000 hooks), wereusually set in one unique main line for hakes (or two lines, only in the cases of setting in differentdepths). The main line length varies between 3 and 14 miles and it is kept with buoys and stones.Sardines were used as baits. On the other hand, for the Atlantic pomfret fishery, a number of gears of100-120 used to be set, corresponding to 10 000-14 000 hooks and a main line length between 12-14nautical miles. In this case, Ammodytidae and Scomberesox saurus were the main species used as baits.SeasonalityAll year longTrip Duration12 fishing days (during the period 2005-2007)PortsThe main base ports during the period 2005-2007 were Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Tenerife) in CanaryIslands, Santa Eugenia de Ribeira (Pontevedra) in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) and Algeciras(Cádiz) in Andalucía (S Iberian Peninsula).Fishery IndicatorsType Measure Value Unit Time periodNominal Effort Number of vessels 4 vessels 2007Participation Number of fishermen 48 –56persons 2009Production Catch total 277 tonnes 2005-2009Catch Merluccius spp. 167 tonnes 2005-2009Catch B. brama 105 tonnes 2005-2009Catch Schedophilus spp. 6 tonnes 2005-2009Catch Pagellus spp. 5 tonnes 2005-2009Catch C. conger 1 tonne 2005-2009Post Harvest Fish UtilisationConsumptionMarketsVigo (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula), Las Palmas and Tenerife (Canary Islands)ManagementManagement unit : NoJurisdictional frameworkManagement Body/Authority(ies): Ministère des pêches et de l'économie maritimeMandate: Management.  Area under national jurisdiction: MauritaniaMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Management Body/Authority(ies): European UnionMandate: Flag state responsibility for its fishing vessels operating in foreign area under nationaljurisdiction.  Area under national jurisdiction: MauritaniaMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Legal definitionBlack hake trawlers and bottom longlinersManagement RegimeFisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Islamic Republic ofMauritania (for the period 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2012) (OJ L 203, 31.07.2008, p. 4–59). :Management measures of the Spanish longliners black hake fishery are included in the current FisheryAgreement between the European Community and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (OJ L 203,31.07.2008, p. 4–59) under the fishing category “Black hake trawlers and bottom longliners”.Fishing agreement expired in July 2012. The new fishing agreement is in the ratification process by theEuropean Parliament, but this type of licences has been extended up to date.Management MethodsConservation and management measures with focus to Effort control (licences system), catchcontrol and fish size limits.Aquatic species-related measuresMinimum fish sizes established by the Fishing Agreement: Hakes (Merluccius spp.): 30 cm.Limitation of by-catches: 50% fish, 0% cephalopods and crustaceans.Gear-related measuresGear type (bottom logline and bottom trawl for hake)Vessel-related measuresAccess control: Vessel type (size-Maximum 3 240 GT/per licence period for both longlinersand bottom trawlers).Fishing activity-related measuresLicences, vessel number (Maximum 3 240 GT/per licence period for both longliners andbottom trawlers), closed area (out of the fishing area established by the Agreement) andclosed season (to be determined).Related Fisheries - Fishing activity(ies) managed under the same managementunit or being ruled by the same fishing agreementSpain Bottom wet fish trawlers black hake fishery - Mauritanian watersSpain Freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Mauritanian watersSpain Freezing bottom trawlers octopus fishery - Mauritanian watersMore information on fisheries legislation at: FAOLEX legislative databaseStatus and Trends Maximum catches of black hakes occurred in 2001. There was a strong drop since 2003, with a minimumof 85 tonnes in 2006. This fishery has mainly targeted Brama brama during the last years, with smallcatches of hakes.Source of Information Cury, P. and C. Roy, 1989. Optimal environmental window and pelagic fish recruitment success inupwelling areas. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46, 670–680.Binet, D., 1997. Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the role oftrade winds and the southern oscillation. Ocean. Acta 20, 177–190.Cervantes, A. y R. Goñi, 1986a. Datos de base de la pesquería española de merluza negra senegalesa enlas divisiones 34.1.1, 34.1.3 y 34.3.1 de CECAF. En: Rapport du premier groupe de travail spécial sur lespêcheries de merlus et de crevettes profondes dans la zone nord du COPACE. COPACE/PACE Sér.,86/33, 180-186. FAO, Roma, Italia.Cervantes, A. y R. Goñi, 1986b. Composición por tallas de la captura española de merluza senegalesa(Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat 1950) y merluza negra (Merluccius cadenati Doutre, 1960) en el áreade CECAF, año 1982. En: Rapport du premier groupe de travail spécial sur les pêcheries de merlus et decrevettes profondes dans la zone nord du COPACE. COPACE/PACE Sér., 86/33, 232-239. FAO, Roma,Italia.Demarcq, H. and V. Faure, 2000. Coastal upwelling and associated retention indices derived from satelliteSST. Application to Octopus vulgaris recruitment. Ocean. Acta 23, 391–408.Diop, M., I. Sobrino, L. Fernández, T. García et A. Ramos. 2004. Evolution des prises accesoires despêcheries spécialisées crevettière et merluttière dans les eaux mauritaniennes de 1950 à nos tours.Chavance P., M. Bâ, D. Gascuel, J. M. Vakily & D. Pauly (eds.) Rapports de recherche halieutique ACP-UE Fisheries, 139-152. Bruselas.FAO, 2006a. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources.Conakry, 19-29 September 2003. CECAF/ECAF Series 06/67. FAO. Rome: 357 pp.FAO, 2006b. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources.Subgroup North. Saly, Senegal, 14-23 September 2004. CECAF/ECAF Series 06/68. FAO. Rome: 219pp.FAO, 2007. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources.Subgroup North. Banjul, The Gambia. CECAF/ECAF Series. FAO. Roma (in press).Fernández, L., B. Meissa, D. Thiao et A. Ramos, 2007. Rapport de la rencontre IMROP/CRODT/IEOpour la validation des statistiques de merlus noirs dans la zone COPACE. Série CECAF/ECAF, in press.Anexo, 25 pp.Fernández, L., Salmerón, F., Gómez, Mª J., García, R. and Macías, D. 2010. Preliminary data on theovarian histological structures observed in black hakes (M. polli and M. senegalensis) off Mauritania, 4pp. (Electronic publication, doi: http://www.fresh-cost.org, in press).Fernández, L., F. Salmerón, J. Rey and M.A. Puerto, 2010. Biología reproductiva de las merluzas negras(Merluccius polli y M. senegalensis) en aguas de Mauritania. Ciencias Marinas, México. In press.Meiners, C. 2007. Importancia de la variabilidad climática en las pesquerías y biología de la merluzaeuropea Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) de la costa Noroccidental Africana. Tesis Doctoral, 187pp. IEO-Univ. Politécnica de Cataluña.Meiners, C, L. Fernández, A. Faraj and R. García-Cancela, 2010. Length-weight relationships of 12deep-sea teleost fish species from the NW African slope. Journal of Applied Ichthyology . In press.Meiners, C., L. Fernández, F. Salmerón and C. Hernández, 2010. Some biological parameters of deep-sea shark species from NW Africa. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. In press.Meiners, C., L. Fernández, F. Salmerón and A. Ramos, 2010. Climate variability and fisheries of blackhakes (M. polli and M. senegalensis) in NW Africa: a first approach. Monográfico de Elsevier-Journal ofMarine System, 80: 243-247.Mittelstaedt, E., 1991. The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast. Circulation andoceanographic properties at the sea surface. Progress in Oceanography 26, 307–355.Official Journal of the European Union, 2008. Protocol setting out the fishing opportunities and financialcontribution provided for in the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community andthe Islamic Republic of Mauritania for the period 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2012. OJ L 203, 31.07.2008,p. 4–59.Ramos, A. y L. Fernández. 1994. Las pesquerías de merluzas en los caladeros de África Noroccidental:Datos de base del año 1991. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 153: 132 pp. Madrid, España.Ramos, A. and L. Fernández. 1995. Biology and fisheries of North-west African hakes (M. merluccius,M. senegalensis and M. polli). In: J. Alheit and T. Pitcher (eds.). Hake: Biology, fisheries and marketsSeries 15: 89-124. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.Ramos, A., F. Salmerón, A. Carroceda and L. Fernández. 2002. Faunistic composition of catches fromSpanish bottom-longline fishery in deep waters of Mauritania. NAFO SCR Doc. 01/148, 4pp. Dartmouth,Canada.

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Spain Longliners black hake fishery - Mauritanian waters, 2013

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