Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de arrastre de marisco al fresco y congeladora en aguas de la costa Atlántica de Marruecos, 2011: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información

FAO 2013-2014. FAO CECAF Scientific Committee (FAO CECAF- SC)

García-Isarch, Eva

English

Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de arrastre de marisco al fresco y congeladora en aguas de la costa Atlántica de Marruecos, 2011: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información.Peer reviewe

Digital.CSIC

Spain Bottom wet fish and freezer trawlers shrimp fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, 2011

García-Isarch, E. (Eva)

Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO

  Fishery Resources Monitoring SystemFishery  Fact SheetCECAF Fisheries Reports 2011Spain Bottom wet fish and freezer trawlers shrimpfishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, 2011Crevettiers espagnols de pêche fraiche et congélateursFishery life cycle This fishery terminated on 1999.Overview: The ice trawlers fleet was mainly based in the ports of Punta Umbría (Huelva, SW Spain),Almería and Málaga (SE Spain), while freezer vessels were mainly based in ports of the province ofHuelva (SW Spain). The landing composition of wet fish-bottom trawlers was multispecific, being P.longirostris the main landed species (40%), followed by the European hake Merluccius merluccius (25%).Other important species for this fleet were the finfishes Micromesistius potassou, some species of thefamily Sparidae, Trachurus spp., Lophius spp., Mullus barbatus and the cephalopods Sepia officinalisand Octopus vulgaris. The fishing operations were conditioned by the fact that catches were preserved inice. Therefore, fishing trips were of 7-9 days and fishing area was limited between 35°30’ and 28°44’,and between 100 and 700 m depth (Cervantes and Goñi, 1985). The most frequented fishing groundswere located between Larache and Kenitra (35° 30’N -34° 00’N), where 85% of annual effort wasexerted (Ramos and Fernández, 1994). This fleet experimented a progressive reduction of 70% innumber througth the different fishing agreements. From 384 vessels in 1979, only 107 vessels operated in1990 (Ramos et al., 2000). The freezer fleet was specialised in catching crustaceans, those constituting90-97% of landings (Ramos and Fernández, 1994; Ramos et al., 2000). Parapenaeus longirostris wasthe main target species, with percentages oscillating between 40-64% in the period 1989-1998. Othercrustacean species represented in proportions between 33-54% all together, were Aristaeopsisedwardsiana, Aristeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus and Nephrops norvergicus. Molluscs andfishes were in proportions lower than 5% by year. In the last fishing agreement (1995) only shrimpersbottom trawlers were allowed to operate in Moroccan waters (Ramos et al., 2000). The fishery wasclosed after the end of the agreement in 1999.Location of Spain Bottom wet fish and freezertrawlers shrimp fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coastwatersAPPROACH: FISHING ACTIVITYFishing ActivityBottom otter trawls   : Commercial;Industrial: Morocco Atlantic coast-NorthZone; Morocco; Northern coastal subarea: March to December …Data OwnershipThis document provided, maintained and owned by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , is part ofCECAF Fisheries Reports - Spain data collection.Main layersFAO areas and their sub-divisionsEEZAssociated layersGeographic referenceIntersecting layersIntersecting: FAO major fishing areasBase layers200 nautical miles arcsGeographic reference:  SpainSpatial Scale: NationalHarvested ResourceDeep-water rose shrimp;European hakeAristaeopsis edwardsiana;Giant red shrimp; Blue and red shrimp …  Means of ProductionStern trawlers wet-fish   Fishery Indicators: : : Table of ContentsOverview -  Fishery History - Fishing Activity - Post Harvest - Management - Status and Trends - Sourceof InformationHistory Andalusian bottom-trawl fleet traditionally exploited Moroccan fishing grounds, targeting both Europeanhake and deep water rose shrimp, keeping the catches in ice. From 1986 onwards, some of these vessels,mainly from Huelva, transformed their holds in freezer cameras (Cervantes et al., 1992). This was thebeginning of a specific freezer shrimp fishery.Fishing ActivityType of production system: Commercial; Industrial   Fishery AreaClimatic zone: Temperate.   Bottom type: Soft_bottom.   Depth zone: Shelf (50 m - 200 m); Slope (200 m - 1000 m).  Horizontal distribution: Neritic.   Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic.  Geo References for: Morocco Atlantic coast-North ZoneMorocco Atlantic coast-North ZoneExclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ) MAR - MoroccoFAO Fishing Statistical Sub Areas 34.1 - Northern coastal subareaMore Geo ReferencesThe following area codes have been found as intersecting the location of Spain Bottom wet fish andfreezer trawlers shrimp fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters5000 km2000 nmiFAO Major Fishing Areas 34 - Atlantic, Eastern Central37 - Mediterranean and Black SeaLarge Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) 26 - Mediterranean Sea27 - Canary CurrentThe Moroccan Atlantic coast is part of one of the four major trade-wind driven continental marginupwelling zones in the world oceans, the northwestern African upwelling system (or the CanaryCurrent System). In the Eastern Central Atlantic, the dynamics of an eastern boundary currentinteracting with trade wind-driven upwelling control this marine ecosystem with exceptionally highprimary and secondary productivity (Cury and Roy, 1989; Binet, 1997; Demarcq and Faure, 2000).While coastal upwelling occurs mostly on the shelf, biogenic particles derived from upwelling aredeposited mostly at the upper continental slope. Nutrient-rich coastal water is transported within theCape Ghir filament region at 30°N up to several hundreds of kilometres offshore. Both upwellingintensity and filament activity are dependent on the strength of the summer Trades (Freudenthal et al.,2002).Resources ExploitedDeepwater rose shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaEuropean hake - MoroccoBlue and red shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaGiant red shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaSeabreams - Northwest AfricaHorse mackerel - Northern area of the Eastern Central AtlanticCuttlefish - Morocco, Mauritania Senegal and GambiaOctopus - Northern Areas of the Eastern Central Atlantic (FAO Statistical Area 34)Other resources: Stocks of norway lobster, blue whiting, anglers, red mullet and aristaeidae.Target SpeciesParapenaeus longirostrisFAO Names : en - Deep-water rose shrimp, fr - Crevette rose du large, es - Gamba de altura, ar - ﺇﻳﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ  ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ  ﻭﺭﺩﻳﺔ , zh - 长额拟对虾, ru - Креветка розовая глубоководнаяMerluccius merlucciusFAO Names : en - European hake, fr - Merlu européen, es - Merluza europea, ru - МерлузавосточноатлантическаяParapenaeus longirostris for freezers vessels and Parapenaeus longirostris and Merluccius merlucciusfor ice trawlers vessels. AdultsAssociated Species (Bycatch)Aristaeopsis edwardsianaAristaeomorpha foliaceaFAO Names : en - Giant red shrimp, fr - Gambon rouge, es - Gamba españolaAristeus antennatusFAO Names : en - Blue and red shrimp, fr - Crevette rouge, es - Gamba rosadaNephrops norvegicusFAO Names : en - Norway lobster, fr - Langoustine, es - CigalaMicromesistius poutassouFAO Names : en - Blue whiting(=Poutassou), fr - Merlan bleu, es - Bacaladilla, ar - ﺃﺯﺭﻕ  ﻏﹸﺒﺮ , zh - 小鳍鳕, ru - Путассу севернаяSparidaeFAO Names : en - Porgies, seabreams nei, fr - Dentés, spares nca, es - Dentones, sargos nep, ru - Спаровые (=морские караси)Trachurus sppFAO Names : en - Jack and horse mackerels nei, fr - Chinchards noirs nca, es - Jureles nep, ru - СтавридыLophius sppFAO Names : en - Monkfishes nei, fr - Baudroies nca, es - Rapes nepMullus barbatusFAO Names : en - Red mullet, fr - Rouget de vase, es - Salmonete de fango, ru - Султанкаобыкновенная (=барабулька)Sepia officinalisFAO Names : en - Common cuttlefish, fr - Seiche commune, es - Sepia comúnOctopus vulgarisFAO Names : en - Common octopus, fr - Pieuvre, es - Pulpo comúnAristaeopsis edwardsiana, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus, Nephrops norvergicus for thefreezer fleet; Micromesistius potassou, Sparids, Trachurus spp, Lophius spp, Mullus barbatus, Sepiaofficinalis and Octopus vulgaris for the ice-trawlers fleet. Related Fisheries - Fishery(ies) switching activity seasonally or targeting thesame stockSpain Freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Mauritanian watersMorocco Offshore freezer bottom trawlers shrimp fishery - Atlantic coastMorocco Artisanal coastal bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Atlantic coastMorocco Industrial coastal freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Atlantic coastRelated Fisheries - Same fishing activity(ies) described by another nationalperspective (at the same or different aggregation level)Morocco Spanish bottom trawlers shrimp and hake fishery - Northern zoneVessel TypeStern trawlers wet-fishStern trawlers freezerFlag StateSpainThe average characteristics of these vessels during the last period of the fishery (1991-1998) were 67GRT, 354 h.p. and 19 m length (for wet-fish trawlers vessels) and 99 GRT, 415 h.p. and 23 m length(for freezer vessels).Catch Handling and Processing EquipmentFreezing (for freezer vessels) or conservation in ice (for wet-fish trawlers vessels)Crew15-18 persons (2009)Fisherfolks CommunityAndalusian and Moroccan fishermen communityFleet segmentThe Andalusian bottom-trawl fleet traditionally exploited Moroccan fishing grounds, targeting bothEuropean hake and deep water rose shrimp, keeping the catches in ice. From 1986 onwards, some ofthese vessels, mainly from Huelva, transformed their holds in freezer cameras (Cervantes et al., 1992).This was the beginning of a specific shrimp freezer fishery. Freezer vessels were mainly based at portsof the province of Huelva (SW Spain), while the wet-fish trawlers fleet was mainly based at the portsof Punta Umbría (Huelva, SW Spain), Almería and Málaga (SE Spain). Only shrimper bottomtrawlers were allowed to fish in Moroccan waters in the fishing agreement expired in 1999 (Ramos etal., 2000). This fishing category was not contemplated in the new Agreement of 2006.Fishing GearBottom otter trawlsBottom shrimp trawlsAt the beginning of the fishery, only wet fish trawlers operated in Moroccan waters by using bottomotter trawls. When freezer trawlers incorporated to the fishery, they changed the gears to bottom shrimptrawls with outriggers.SeasonalityMarch to December (during the last fishery agreement)Trip DurationAverage trip duration of 7 fishing days (wet fish trawler) and 40 fishing days (freezer fleet) during theperiod 1991-1998.PortsAlgeciras, Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz (Cádiz) and Lepe, Punta Umbría, Huelva (Huelva), al inAndalucia (S Spain) for the freezer fleet. Santa Pola (Alicante), Almería (Almería), Málaga (Málaga),Algeciras, Puerto de Santa María, Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) and Lepe, Punta Umbría, IslaCristina. Huelva (Huelva) for wet fish trawlers.Fishery IndicatorsType Measure Value Unit Time periodNominal Effort Number of vessels (wet fish trawler) 64 vessels 1998Number of vessels (freezer) 30 vessels 1998Production Catch total (wet fish trawlers) 5716 tonnes 1993-1998Catch P. Longirostris (wet fish trawlers) 1754 tonnes 1993-1998Catch M. Merluccius (wet fish trawlers) 1504 tonnes 1993-1998Catch total (freezer trawlers) 1377 tonnes 1993-1998Catch P. Longirostris (freezer trawlers) 750 tonnes 1993-1998Participation Number of fishermen (ESP) 1400  2009Number of fishermen (MAR) 1700  2009Post Harvest Fish UtilisationConsumption (wet fish) and/or exportation (frozen shrimps)MarketsHuelva (SW Spain), Cádiz and El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz, S Spain)ManagementManagement unit : NoJurisdictional frameworkManagement Body/Authority(ies): Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la PêcheMaritime. Département de la Pêche MaritimeMandate: Monitoring; Management.  Area under national jurisdiction: MoroccoMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Management Body/Authority(ies): European UnionMandate: Flag state responsibility for its fishing vessels operating in foreign area under nationaljurisdiction.  Area under national jurisdiction: MoroccoMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Legal definitionShrimpers Bottom TrawlersManagement RegimeAgreement on Cooperation in the sea fisheries sector between the European Community and theKingdom of Morocco of 1995 (OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43). Management measures of theSpanish shrimp bottom trawl fishery were included into the different Fisheries Agreement between theEuropean Community and the Kingdom of Morocco. This fishery was closed after the end of theAgreement of 1995-1999. Management measures described below are those included in the lastFishery Agreement where this fishery was allowed (OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43) under the fishingcategory “Shrimpers Bottom Trawlers”.Management MethodsCONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES with focus to Effort control-Licences systemGear-related measuresGear type (ban of double-net in the cod-end, ban of bending of the cod-end threads), meshsize (minimum mesh size of 50 mm).Vessel-related measuresAccess control: Vessel size- Maximum 8 200 GRT/1999 (113 vessels)Fishing activity-related measuresLicences, vessel number (maximum of 113 vessels in 1999), closed area (Northern 28º44’Nand inside the 12 miles zone) and closed season (two months: January and February).Related Fisheries - Fishing activity(ies) managed under the same managementunit or being ruled by the same fishing agreementSpain Coastal purse seine sardine fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, South zones B and CSpain Small scale purse seine anchovy fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, North zoneSpain Spain Offshore gillnetter hake fishery - Morocco Atlantic coast watersSpain Offshore longliner hake fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast watersSpain Freezer bottom trawlers cephalopods fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, SouthMore information on fisheries legislation at: FAOLEX legislative databaseStatus and Trends The fishery was closed in 1999, when the Agreement expired. The new EU-Kingdom of MoroccoFishery Agreement does not include shrimp fishery Source of Information Cervantes, A., I. Sobrino, A. Ramos, A. and L. Fernández, 1992. Descripción y análisis de los datos delas pesquerías de merluza y gamba de la flota española que faenó al fresco en África Noroccidentaldurante el periodo 1083-1988. Informes Técnicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografía 111: 85 pp.Cervantes, A. and Goñi, R. 1985. Descripción de las pesquerías españolas de merluzas y crustáceos deÁfrica Occidental al norte de Cabo Blanco. En: C. Bas, R. Margalef y P. Rubiés (Eds.). SimposioInternacional sobre las áreas de afloramiento más importantes del Oeste africano (Cabo Blanco yBenguela). II, 825-850. Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras. Barcelona, España.Cury, P. and C. Roy, 1989. Optimal environmental window and pelagic fish recruitment success inupwelling areas. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46, 670–680.Binet, D., 1997. Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the role oftrade winds and the southern oscillation. Ocean. Acta 20, 177–190.Demarcq, H. and V. Faure, 2000. Coastal upwelling and associated retention indices derived from satelliteSST. Application to Octopus vulgaris recruitment. Ocean. Acta 23, 391–408.Freudenthal, T., H. Meggers, J. Henderiks, H. Kuhlmann, A. Moreno and G. Wefer, 2002. Upwellingintensity and filament activity off Morocco during the last 250,000 years. Deep Sea Res. (II Top. Stud.Oceanogr.) 49, 17: 3655-3674.Official Journal of the European Union, 1995. Agreement on Cooperation in the sea fisheries sectorbetween the European Community and the Kingdom of Morocco. Protocol setting out fishingopportunities and the financial compensation and financial contributions. OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43.Ramos, A. and L. Fernández, 1994. Las pesquerías de merluzas en los caladeros de África Noroccidental:Datos de base del año 1991. Informe Técnico Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 153, 132 pp. Madrid,España.Ramos, A., R. González, T. García, I. Sobrino y L. Fernández., 2000. La crisis en el acceso al caladeromarroquí: análisis de la evolución y situación de las pesquerías y recursos de merluzas y crustáceos. Inf.Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 178: 171 pp.

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Spain Bottom wet fish and freezer trawlers shrimp fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, 2011

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