Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de palangre de merluza en aguas de la costa Atlántica de Marruecos, 2011: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información

FAO 2013-2014. FAO CECAF Scientific Committee (FAO CECAF- SC)

Fernández-Peralta, L. (Lourdes)

García-Isarch, E. (Eva)

English

Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca española de palangre de merluza en aguas de la costa Atlántica de Marruecos, 2011: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información.Peer reviewe

García-Isarch, Eva

Fernández-Peralta, Lourdes

Digital.CSIC

Spain Offshore longliner hake fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, 2011

Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO

  Fishery Resources Monitoring SystemFishery  Fact SheetCECAF Fisheries Reports 2011Spain Offshore longliner hake fishery - MoroccanAtlantic coast waters, 2011Palangriers espagnols de merlusFishery life cycle This fishery terminated on 1999.Overview: The majority of the fleet targeted hakes, mainly European hake, Merluccius merluccius,and Senegalese hake, Merluccius senegalensis, but part of the fleet targeted the Atlantic pomfret Bramabrama, with an average number of 15-25 vessels during the last years of the agreement. The longlinefleet operated in whole the Moroccan and Saharan coast. During the 1980’s, they almost exclusivelyfished in the fishing grounds around the parallel 34ºN, progressively increasing their activity to theSaharan coast (21ºN-28ºN) during the last years, then reaching the Mauritanian border. This wasreflected in an increase of Senegalese hake catches. These vessels worked during the last years under theconditions established within the framework of the 1995 fishing agreement between the European Unionand Morocco. The end of the Agreement in 1999 marked the closure of the fishery. The new fishingAgreement signed between the EU and the Kingdom of Morocco in 2006 authorises the use of longlinestargeting black hake, scabbardfish and leerfish, into the category “Demersal fishing” and in an arealocated south of 29ºN and beyond 12 nautical miles. However, the licences provided to longliners havenot been used until the moment.Location of Spain Offshore longliner hake fishery -Moroccan Atlantic coast watersMain layersFAO areas and their sub-divisionsEEZAPPROACH: FISHING ACTIVITYFishing ActivitySet longlines: Commercial;Industrial: Morocco Atlantic coast;Morocco; Morocco coastal; Sahara coastalHarvested ResourceEuropean hake; Senegalesehake; Atlantic pomfretSwordfish; Silverscabbardfish; European conger …   Data OwnershipThis document provided, maintained and owned by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , is part ofCECAF Fisheries Reports - Spain data collection.5000 km2000 nmiEEZAssociated layersGeographic referenceIntersecting layersIntersecting: FAO major fishing areasBase layers200 nautical miles arcsGeographic reference:  SpainSpatial Scale: NationalMeans of ProductionLonglinersFishery Indicators: Number of vessels: Landing value totalTable of ContentsOverview -  Fishery History - Fishing Activity - Post Harvest - Management - Status and Trends - Sourceof InformationHistory The beginning of the Spanish longline fishery in Moroccan waters occurred at the end of the 1970s, whensome Galician vessels based in the Port of Santa Eugenia de Riveira, started to operate in Morocco, aftera decrease of the yields obtained in the North Spanish fishing grounds. The fleet experienced an importantincrease since 1995, reaching a number of 58 vessels in 1997.This fleet suffered continuous changes in the gears employed from the beginning of the fishery until itwas disappeared, alternatively changing from longline to gillnet and the opposite. In fact, different FishingAgreements between the EU and the Kingdom of Morocco have included these gears in the same fishingcategory “Longline”.Fishing ActivityType of production system: Commercial; Industrial   Fishery AreaClimatic zone: Temperate.   Depth zone: Slope - Upperslope (200 m - 500 m).   Horizontal distribution: Neritic.  Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic.  Geo References for: Morocco Atlantic coastMorocco Atlantic coastExclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ) MAR - MoroccoFAO Fishing Statistical Divisions 34.1.1 - Morocco coastal34.1.3 - Sahara coastalMore Geo ReferencesThe following area codes have been found as intersecting the location of Spain Offshore longliner hakefishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast watersFAO Major Fishing Areas 34 - Atlantic, Eastern Central37 - Mediterranean and Black SeaLarge Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) 26 - Mediterranean Sea27 - Canary CurrentThe Moroccan Atlantic coast is part of one of the four major trade-wind driven continental marginupwelling zones in the world oceans, the northwestern African upwelling system (or the CanaryCurrent System). In the Eastern Central Atlantic, the dynamics of an eastern boundary currentinteracting with trade wind-driven upwelling control this marine ecosystem with exceptionally highprimary and secondary productivity (Cury and Roy, 1989; Binet, 1997; Demarcq and Faure, 2000).While coastal upwelling occurs mostly on the shelf, biogenic particles derived from upwelling aredeposited mostly at the upper continental slope. Nutrient-rich coastal water is transported within theCape Ghir filament region at 30°N up to several hundreds of kilometres offshore. Both upwellingintensity and filament activity are dependent on the strength of the summer Trades (Freudenthal et al.,2002).Resources ExploitedEuropean hake - MoroccoSenegal hake, Benguela hake - MoroccoOther resources: Stocks of atlantic pomfrets, scabbardfish, conger, forkbeards and swordfish.Target SpeciesMerluccius merlucciusFAO Names : en - European hake, fr - Merlu européen, es - Merluza europea, ru - МерлузавосточноатлантическаяMerluccius senegalensisFAO Names : en - Senegalese hake, fr - Merlu du Sénégal, es - Merluza del Senegal, ru - МерлузасинегальскаяBrama bramaFAO Names : en - Atlantic pomfret, fr - Grande castagnole, es - Japuta, ru - Лещ морскойатлантическийAdultsAssociated Species (Bycatch)Xiphias gladiusFAO Names : en - Swordfish, fr - Espadon, es - Pez espada, ru - Меч-рыбаLepidopus caudatusFAO Names : en - Silver scabbardfish, fr - Sabre argenté, es - Pez cinto, ru - ЛепидопConger congerFAO Names : en - European conger, fr - Congre d'Europe, es - Congrio común, ru - Угорь морской(=конгер)Phycis sppFAO Names : en - Forkbeards nei, fr - Phycis nca, es - Brótolas nep, ru - Налимы нитеперыеAdultsDiscarded Species (Bycatch)Pagellus erythrinusFAO Names : en - Common pandora, fr - Pageot commun, es - BrecaGaleus polliFAO Names : en - African sawtail catshark, fr - Chien râpe, es - Pintarroja africana, ar - ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺭ  ﻗﻂﹼ  ﻗﺮﺵﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ , zh - 西非锯尾鲨Lepidopus caudatusFAO Names : en - Silver scabbardfish, fr - Sabre argenté, es - Pez cinto, ru - ЛепидопJuvenilesRelated Fisheries - Fishery(ies) switching activity seasonally or targeting thesame stockSpain Spain Offshore gillnetter hake fishery - Morocco Atlantic coast watersSpain Bottom wet fish trawler black hake fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, South 29°NSpain Bottom wet fish trawlers black hake fishery - Mauritanian watersSpain Longliners black hake fishery - Mauritanian watersSpain Bottom trawl black hake fishery - Senegalese watersMorocco Coastal small bottom trawler hake fishery - Cape Spartel and Cape BojadorMorocco Coastal longline hake fishery - Cape Spartel and Cape BojadorMorocco Artisanal boats hooks and lines, trammelnet fishery - Cape Spartel and Cape BojadorMorocco Morocco Spanish bottom trawler black hake fishery - South 29°NMorocco Portuguese Hooks and lines hake fishery - North of 34th parallelMorocco Portuguese gillnet hake fishery - North of 34th parallelMorocco Portuguese longliners hake fishery - North of 34th parallelMorocco European Union artisanal trawl and longline fishery - Southern areaRelated Fisheries - Same fishing activity(ies) described by another nationalperspective (at the same or different aggregation level)Morocco Offshore Spanish longliner hake fishery - Atlantic coastMorocco Offshore Spanish gillnetter hake fishery - Atlantic coastVessel TypeLonglinersFlag StateSpainLongliner. The average characteristics during the last years of the fishery were 77 GRT, 333 h.p. and21 m length (1991-1997).Catch Handling and Processing EquipmentIce. For quality reasons, sets targeting the Atlantic pomfret used to be made at the end of the fishingtrip, as this species conserves worst than hakes. European hakes were separated and classified intofive commercial categories, while Senegalese hakes only constituted one category, being alleviscerated. Catches were preserved in ice.Fleet segmentLongliners that operated in Moroccan waters were mainly based in the Port of Santa Eugenia deRiveira, with some unities based in La Guardia (both in Galicia, NW Spain) and others in the ports ofAlgeciras (S Iberian Peninsula), Ceuta (N Africa), Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife (CanaryIslands).Fishing GearSet longlinesHooks and lines- Set longlines. The gear is composed of an average number of 100 longlines(approximately 1 100 hooks), that were usually set in one unique line. For hake fishery, 20-120 gearsused to be set, corresponding to 2 000-14 000 hooks and a line length between 3-14 nautical miles.Sardines were used as baits. On the other hand, for the Atlantic pomfret fishery, a number of gears of100-120 used to be set, corresponding to 10 000-14 000 hooks and a line length between 12-14nautical miles. In this case, Ammodytidae and Scomberesox saurus were the main species used as baits.PortsSanta Eugenia de Riveira and La Guardia (NW Iberian Peninsula), Algeciras (S Iberian Peninsula),Ceuta (N Africa), Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands).Fishery IndicatorsType Measure Value Unit Time periodNominal Effort Number of vessels 60 vessels 1999Production Landing value total 2273 tonnes 1989-1997Landing value M. merluccius 812 tonnes 1989-1997Landing value M. senegalensis 383 tones 1989-1997Landing value B. brama 858 tonnes 1989-1997Post Harvest Fish UtilisationConsumptionMarketsMainly Algeciras, which comprises the third part of the landings, followed by Vigo, A Coruña, Riveiraand Cádiz.ManagementManagement unit : NoJurisdictional frameworkManagement Body/Authority(ies): Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la PêcheMaritime. Département de la Pêche MaritimeMandate: Monitoring; Management.  Area under national jurisdiction: MoroccoMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Management Body/Authority(ies): European UnionMandate: Flag state responsibility for its fishing vessels operating in foreign area under nationaljurisdiction.  Area under national jurisdiction: MoroccoMaritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ).  Legal definitionLong linersManagement RegimeAgreement on Cooperation in the sea fisheries sector between the European Community and theKingdom of Morocco (OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43).Management measures of the Spanish longliner hake fishery were included in different FisheriesAgreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Morocco. This fishery was closedafter the end of the Agreement of 1995-1999. Management measures described below are thoseincluded in the last Fishery Agreement where this fishery was allowed (OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43)under the fishing category “Long liners”.Management MethodsCONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES with focus to Effort control-Licences systemAquatic species-related measuresCrustaceans by-catches not allowed.Gear-related measuresGear type (prohibition of driftnets, encircling nets and monofilament or multifilament nets,excepting multifilament nets made by several filaments of natural and/or synthetic origin,which were allowed).Vessel-related measuresAccess control: vessel size (Maximum 9 270 GRT (140 vessels)) in 1999.Fishing activity-related measuresLicences (quarter licences of the fishery category “Longliners”, which allows the use oflonglines, gillnets and trammel nets), vessel number (140, longliners and gillnetters together) in1999, closed area (inside 12 miles) and closed season (two months: 15 March-15 May).Related Fisheries - Fishing activity(ies) managed under the same managementunit or being ruled by the same fishing agreementSpain Bottom wet fish and freezer trawlers shrimp fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast watersSpain Small scale purse seine anchovy fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, North zoneSpain Coastal purse seine sardine fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, South zones B and CSpain Freezer bottom trawlers cephalopods fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, SouthMore information on fisheries legislation at: FAOLEX legislative databaseStatus and Trends The fishery was closed at the end of the Fishery Agreement in 1999, with no renewal in the lastAgreement of 2006.Source of Information Cervantes, A. and R.Goñi, R. 1985. Descripción de las pesquerías españolas de merluzas y crustáceos deÁfrica Occidental al norte de Cabo Blanco. En: C. Bas, R. Margalef y P. Rubiés (Eds.). SimposioInternacional sobre las áreas de afloramiento más importantes del Oeste africano (Cabo Blanco yBenguela). II, 825-850. Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras. Barcelona, España.Cervantes, A., I. Sobrino, A. Ramos and L. Fernández, 1992. Descripción y análisis de los datos de laspesquerías de merluza y gamba de la flota española que faenó al fresco en África Noroccidental duranteel período 1983-1988. Informe Técnico Instituto Español de Oceanografía 111, 85 pp. Madrid, España.Cury, P. and C. Roy, 1989. Optimal environmental window and pelagic fish recruitment success inupwelling areas. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46, 670–680.Binet, D., 1997. Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the role oftrade winds and the southern oscillation. Ocean. Acta 20, 177–190.Demarcq, H. and V. Faure, 2000. Coastal upwelling and associated retention indices derived from satelliteSST. Application to Octopus vulgaris recruitment. Ocean. Acta 23, 391–408.Freudenthal, T, H. Meggers, J. Henderiks, H. Kuhlmann, A. Moreno, G. Wefer, 2002. Upwellingintensity and filament activity off Morocco during the last 250,000 years. Deep Sea Res. (II Top. Stud.Oceanogr.) 49, 17: 3655-3674.Meiners, C. 2007. Importancia de la variabilidad climática en las pesquerías y biología de la merluzaeuropea Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) de la costa Noroccidental Africana. Tesis Doctoral, 187pp. IEO-Univ. Politecnica de Cataluña.Meiners, C, L. Fernández, A. Faraj and R. García-Cancela, 2010. Length-weight relationships of 12deep-sea teleost fish species from the NW African slope. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. In press.Meiners, C., L. Fernández, F. Salmerón and C. Hernández, 2010. Some biological parameters of deep-sea shark species from NW Africa. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. In press.Meiners, C., L. Fernández, F. Salmerón and A. Ramos, 2010. Climate variability and fisheries of blackhakes (M. polli and M. senegalensis) in NW Africa: a first approach. Monográfico de Elsevier-Journal ofMarine System, 80: 243-247.Meiners, C., L. Fernández, P. Torres and A. Ramos, 2006. Climate variability and recruitment success ofEuropean hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in NW Africa. ICES CM 2006/C:15, 19 pp.Official Journal of the European Union, 1995. Agreement on Cooperation in the sea fisheries sectorbetween the European Community and the Kingdom of Morocco. Protocol setting out fishingopportunities and the financial compensation and financial contributions. OJ L 306, 19.12.1995, p. 7–43.Official Journal of the European Union, 2006. Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the EuropeanCommunities and the Kingdom of Morocco. OJ L 141, 29.5.2006, p. 1–37.Ramos, A. and L. Fernández. 1994. Las pesquerías de merluzas en los caladeros de África Noroccidental:Datos de base del año 1991. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 153: 132 pp.Ramos, A and L. Fernández. 1995. Biology and fisheries of North-west African hakes (M. merluccius,M. senegalensis and M. polli). In: J. Alheit and T. Pitcher (eds.). Hake: Biology, fisheries and marketsSeries 15: 89-124. Chapman & Hall, London, Reino Unido.Ramos, A., I. Sobrino and L. Fernández, 1996. Biología de la merluza europea, Merluccius merluccius(Linnaeus, 1758) de las costas de África noroccidental. Oceanografía y Recursos Marinos del AtlánticoCentro Oriental. Llinás, O., J.A. González y J.M. Rueda (eds.). ICCM, Cabildo Insular, 223-239. LasPalmas de Gran Canaria.Ramos, A., R. González, T. García, I. Sobrino and L. Fernández, 2000. La crisis en el acceso al caladeromarroquí: análisis de la evolución y situación de las pesquerías y recursos de merluzas y crustáceos. Inf.Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 178: 171 pp.

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Spain Offshore longliner hake fishery - Moroccan Atlantic coast waters, 2011

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