D'Agaro, Edo

Lanari, D

English

LANARI D

D'AGARO, Edo

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università degli Studi di Udine

Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found athttps://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjas20Italian Journal of Animal ScienceISSN: (Print) 1828-051X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjas20Preliminary evaluation of protein requirements ofDover sole (Solea solea) juvenilesD. Lanari & E. D’AgaroTo cite this article: D. Lanari & E. D’Agaro (2005) Preliminary evaluation of protein requirementsof Dover sole (Solea￿solea) juveniles, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 4:sup2, 594-596, DOI:10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.594To link to this article:  https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.594© 2005 Taylor & Francis Group LLCPublished online: 03 Mar 2016.Submit your article to this journal Article views: 33View related articles 594 ITAL.J.ANIM.SCI. VOL. 4 (SUPPL. 2), 594-596, 2005Preliminary evaluationof protein requirements of Dover sole(Solea solea) juvenilesD. Lanari, E. D'AgaroDipartimento Scienze Animali, Università di Udine, ItalyCorresponding author: Domenico Lanari. Dipartimento Scienze Animali. Via S. Mauro 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Italy– Tel: +39 0432 650110 – Fax: +39 0432 660614 – Email: domenico.lanari@uniud.itRIASSUNTO – Studi preliminari sui fabbisogni proteici negli avannotti di sogliola comune (Solea solea).Sono state formulate tre diete isolipidiche (15% s.s.), caratterizzate da livelli crescenti di proteina (A: 55; B: 60 C: 65% s.s.) che si utilizzarono in due prove condotte la prima presso uno stabilimento commerciale, (peso iniziaASPA_imp11  15-07-2005  10:28  Pagina 594ITAL.J.ANIM.SCI. VOL. 4 (SUPPL. 2), 594-596, 2005 595PROC. 16th NAT. CONGR. ASPA, TORINO, ITALYle: 2,5±1,32 g) e la seconda (peso iniziale: 0,79±0,03 g) presso gli acquari del DIAN. In quest'ultima venne ancheprovato un mangime commerciale. Ogni dieta venne testata con 4 ripetizioni per tesi e l'alimento veniva dis-tribuito tre volte al dì. Nella I prova, il peso vivo finale (4,4; 4,5 e 6,1 g) e il TAS (1,0; 1,1 e 1,6%), migliorarono(P<0,05) al crescere del tenore proteico, mentre la % di sopravvivenza (97,54%) non ne risentì. Nella seconda nonsi notarono differenze significative tra le tre diete che diedero prestazioni significativamente peggiori della dietacommerciale. Dai risultati ottenuti il livello proteico ottimale sembra collocarsi attorno al 65% s.s. per avannot-ti di 2,5 g di peso.Key words: solea, fingerlings, protein, requirements.INTRODUCTION – The introduction of new species in aquaculture requires a research support in orderto establish nutrient requirements, optimal environmental conditions and rearing techniques. Common sole isa fish well known in the European market and the interest in farming has been stimulated largely by thedesire for the existing marine fish farming industry to diversity (Howell, 1997). This species proved relativelyeasy to rear through the larval stages and many scientific papers have considered this topic. On the contrary,the knowledge concerning feed formulation for the juvenile and ongrowing stages are quite limited and dataon growth rate of juveniles with artificial diets are scarce (Day et al. 1997). The present research was per-formed in order to gather a first set of information on protein requirements of this species.MATERIAL AND METHODS – Three isolipid diets (15% on d.m.) characterized by growing levels of pro-tein (A: 55; B: 60 and C: 65% on d.m.) were studied. Diets were prepared as moist paste, that was passedthrough a meat mincer with 3mm holes die. The product was thereafter dried at 60°C and then ground andsieved to obtain particles of 0.5-0.8 mm size. Diets were tested in two trials. In the first one 284 sole juvenilesof about 220 dah of age, initial live weight 2.5±1.32 g, were selected from a larger batch at the hatchery of thefarm “Orbetello Pesca Lagunare” and distributed among 12 cages, (35x35 cm, 40 cm high) built with a woodframe. The sides were covered with net and the bottom with a plancton net. The cages were kept inside 1m x1m fiberglass tank, four cages per tank. Each tank had a water flow rate (3.7% salinity) of 20 l m-1, aerated bmeans of porous stones. In the second trial 465 sole fingerlings, initial live weight 0.79±0.03 g, were distributeamong 15 pvc tanks and fed the three diets (four replicates for diet) and a commercial extruded diet (threereplicates). PVC tanks had the bottom partially substituted for a net and were located inside larger fiberglasstanks in close circuit plant. In both trials feed was distributed manually three times a day ad libitum. Fishwere adapted to the experimental diets for 2 weeks before beginning the trials, that lasted 61 and 45 dayrespectively. Growth rate was measured fortnightly by bulk weighing each tank. In both experiments mortalityASPA_imp11  15-07-2005  10:28  Pagina 595PROC. 16th NAT. CONGR. ASPA, TORINO, ITALY596 ITAL.J.ANIM.SCI. VOL. 4 (SUPPL. 2), 594-596, 2005was controlled daily and water chemical and physical characteristics were checked weekly. Diet chemical com-position was determined according to AOAC (1990) methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS – Diets composition and chemical characteristics are reported in Table 1.Protein in diet A and fat in diet C resulted in values higher and lower than expected respectively; EPA plus DHAcontent of the diets were over 2% of the dry diet and sufficient to cover requirements for flat fish (Halver, 2002).Table 1. Composition and chemical characteristics of the experimental diets.Diet A Diet B Diet C Diet DItems (%)Krill meal 56.00 54.00 53.00Fish meal, Chile 12.00 16.00 2.00Wheat gluten meal 1.00 9.00 35.00Brewery yeast 20.00 12.00 1.00Fish oil + soy lecithin 5.00 5.00 5.00Vitamin and mineral supplement 2.03 2.03 2.03Binder 3.50 1.50 1.50Glycine and betaine 0.47 0.47 0.47Chemical composition (% on d.m.)Crude protein 56.85 60.20 65.20 60.40Crude fat 15.19 15.50 14.00 21.70Fatty acid content (% of crude fat)Linoleic acid 2.90 4.90 8.70 11.50Linolenic acid 0.70 1.00 1.10 1.70EPA 8.70 7.80 7.50 5.10DHA 8.20 8.70 7.20 9.20In both trials problems were encountered in measuring feed intake and consequently in calculating feed con-version rates, either because of the bottom feeding behavior of fish and because of the facilities used. So feedconversion ratios data are not reported. In the first trial water oxygen content was always close to 85% satu-ration. Water temperature decreased from 22°C of the preliminary period to 20°C in the first and to 18 and17°C during the second and third period respectively. Survival rate was high (mean value 97.54%) with no sig-nificant differences among diets. Data on juveniles performances are summarized in Table 2. In the first trialfinal live weight almost doubled in fish fed diets A and B and tripled with diet C. Specific Growth Rate (SGR)was high during the first and second period and decreased during the third one when water temperaturereached the lowest point. Sole juveniles fed the diet with the highest protein content had significant higherSGR values during the first and third period and during the whole trial in comparison with fish fed the othertwo diets. In the second trial water temperature was constant (22°C). Salinity was 2.5%, NH4 and NO2 were0.05 and 0.08 mg l-1 respectively. Survival rate was high and significantly affected by diets. The commercial die(D), gave better results (Table 2) than the ones observed with the test diets, where Diet B, gave the lowesASPA_imp11  15-07-2005  10:28  Pagina 596

Preliminary evaluation of protein requirements of Dover sole (Solea solea) juveniles

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Preliminary evaluation of protein requirements of Dover sole (Solea solea) juveniles

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