BackgroundAnatomical variations in renal artery morphology hold crucial significance in surgical, urological, and radiological procedures. Comprehensive knowledge of these variations enhances the success of renal transplantation, angiography, and retroperitoneal surgeries.
Objectives
To investigate and document the prevalence and patterns of anatomical variations in renal arteries, including origin, number, branching patterns, and morphometry, in adult cadavers across multiple centers.
Methods
This multicentric observational study was conducted on 60 adult cadavers during routine anatomical dissection in medical institutions. Detailed dissection of the abdominal region was performed to trace the renal arteries from their origin at the abdominal aorta to their termination at the renal hilum. Parameters such as the number, origin (related to the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries), branching pattern, presence of accessory and polar arteries, and arterial dimensions were recorded.
Results
Renal artery variations were observed in 16 cadavers (26.7%). Bilateral variations were seen in 6 cadavers and unilateral variations in 10, predominantly on the right side (n=8). Accessory renal arteries were present in 13 cadavers. Early division of renal arteries occurred in 3 cases, all within 1 cm of the superior mesenteric artery. Pre-segmental and pre-hilar branching patterns were observed in 3 and 11 arteries, respectively. Polar arteries were found in 8 cases. The length and breadth of renal arteries ranged from 1.0–9.0 cm and 0.2–0.9 cm, respectively.
Conclusion
This study revealed a 26.7% prevalence of renal artery anatomical variations, with a predominance of unilateral right-sided anomalies. Understanding these variations is essential for minimizing intraoperative complications and optimizing outcomes in renal surgical and interventional procedures.
Recommendations
Preoperative imaging to identify renal artery variations is essential for planning renal surgeries, transplantations, and interventions, minimizing intraoperative risks, and improving surgical outcomes and vascular access success rates
