Pisciotta, S.

Raspi, A.

Sajeva, M.

Zito, P.

PISCIOTTA S

RASPI A.

ZITO, Pietro

SAJEVA, Maurizio

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Palermo

Naturalista sicil., S. IV, XXXII (3-4), 2008, pp. 397-403SILVESTRO PISCIOTTA, PIETRO ZITO, MAURIZIO SAJEVA & ALFIO RASPINEW RECORDS OF DIPTERA FOR LAMPEDUSA ISLANDSUMMARYDiptera of Lampedusa are poorly known, and the only published data are those of Venturi in1960. Authors report new records of species discovered during field investigations carried out dur-ing a more extensive research project in the island. Data are updated to November 2007. Seven newspecies for Lampedusa have been found, belonging to the following families: Trixoscelididae,Scathophagidae, Muscidae, Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae.RIASSUNTONuove segnalazioni di Ditteri nell’isola di Lampedusa. La ditterofauna di Lampedusa è scarsa-mente conosciuta e gli unici dati pubblicati si riferiscono agli studi di Venturi nel 1960. Durante unpiù ampio progetto di ricerca condotto sull’isola gli Autori hanno rinvenuto sette specie in prece-denza non segnalate, appartenenti alle seguenti faniglie: Trixoscelididae, Scathophagidae, Muscidae,Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. I dati sono aggiornati al mese di novembre 2007. INTRODUZIONELampedusa Island (35°29’28” and 35°21’39” N - 12°30’54” and12°37’55” E Greenwich) is the larger one of the Pelagie archipelago. It is anemergence of the African Continental platform and is 195 Km far from theSicilian coast and 120 Km from Tunisia (AGNESI & FEDERICO, 1995), it is 20,2Km2 wide, 11 Km long (East-West) with a maximum broadness of 3,5 Km.The dipterofauna of Lampedusa is poorly know, and the unique records ofDiptera for Lampedusa have been provided by VENTURI (1960a) who report-ed 45 species. The same species are reported in the most recent checklist ofArthropoda (MASSA, 1995), with no further additions. The geographic posi-tion of Lampedusa may pose some problems as regard to its inclusion in theSicilian or African biological community. VENTURI (1960a), on the basis of thefew data on the dipterofauna noted that some species belongs to the NorthAfrican region and others to the Italian one. A relevant aspect of the biologi-cal diversity of the Pelagie Archipelago is the presence of North African ele-ments beside a high level of endemic species. For instance the herpetofaunaof Lampedusa includes two North African species:Macroprotodon cucullatus(Geoffroy de St-Hilaire, 1827) and Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann,1804) (CORTI & LO CASCIO, 2002). Out of 820 taxa of arthoprods known forLampedusa, several species, genera, and also families (e.g. Hymenoptera Bra-dynobaenidae) and orders (Solifugae) find the only Italian or European local-ity in Lampedusa (LO CASCIO, 2002). The most abundant African chorologi-cal component is that of Coleoptera Tenebrionidae (ALIQUÒ et al., 2006).In the present paper we refer to the checklist edited by MASSA (1995) asreference for the arthropodofauna of Lampedusa and we report new recordsof Diptera for Lampedusa island discovered during field investigations carriedout during a more extensive research project in the island. The species listincludes data from field investigations carried out during a research project onthe ecology of Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br. started in April 2006. Dataare updated to November 2007. Seven new species for Lampedusa have beenfound. Captures were done with an entomological net and specimens werekept separately in plastic test-tube and successively dry mounted for identifi-cation. The new species belong to the following families: Trixoscelididae,Scathophagidae, Muscidae, Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. LIST OF SPECIESTRIXOSCELIDIDAETrixoscelis frontalis (Fallén, 1823)Lampedusa, loc. Albero Sole, 18.III.2007, 1 specimen, leg. P. ZitoDistribution: Europe, Asia, North Africa, Canary Islands (SOOS, 1984),Nearctic Region (WOZNICA, 2007). Italy: Italian mainland, Sicily (WOZNICA,2007).Notes: This family is found mainly in arid areas and is best representedin the Holarctic, Ethiopian and Neotropical regions although lacking in the398 S. PISCIOTTA, P. ZITO, M. SAJEVA & A. RASPIOriental and Australian regions (CARLES-TOLRÀ, 2001). Trixoscelis Rondani,1856 is a genus containing more than 30 species described for the Palaearcticregion (PAPP, 1998). The immature stages and the biology of this family areunknown. Adults are thermophilous and prefer open habitats, like dunes,beaches, heather, sandy steppes and forest steppes (OOSTERBROEK, 2006).SCATHOPHAGIDAEScathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758)Lampedusa, loc. Albero Sole, 17.II.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: Afro-tropical region, East Palaearctic, Nearctic region,North Africa (not including Sinai Peninsula) (DE JONG, 2007); Italy: Italianmainland, Sicily, Sardinia (GORODKOV, 1995).Notes: The genus Scathophaga Meigen, 1803 comprises approximately 40species throughout the Palaearctic Region (GORODKOV, 1986). Most of the lar-vae of this genus live in excrements, particularly of ruminants (GORODKOV,1995); S. stercoraria is one of the best-known species of the family Scathophagi-dae; adult males are bright yellow or golden, while females are usually grayer;both sexes are very hairy on body and legs, and gather on dung. The repro-ductive behavior of S. stercoraria is well documented. Males gather on andaround fresh dung, where they search for and copulate with incoming gravidfemales. Following copulation the female oviposits in the dung and is guardedby the paired male from attempted ‘takeovers’, where attacking males try todisplace him and copulate to fertilize the remaining eggs (PARKER, 1970). ANTHOMYIIDAEAnthomyia pluvialis (Linnaeus, 1758)Lampedusa, loc. Isola dei Conigli, 19.I.2007, 1 male, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Capo Ponente,16/II/2007, 1 female, leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: worldwide, absent in Afro-tropical and NeotropicalRegion (MICHELSEN, 2007); Italy: Italian mainland, Sicily, Sardinia (ROZKOS-NY, 1995).Notes: The genus Anthomyia Meigen, 1803 consists of medium-sizedflies that are easily recognized by their characteristic body-pattern of whitishgrey and black in combination with the presence of setulae on the propleura(MICHELSEN, 1980). A. pluvialis has the top of the thorax pale grey markedwith large dark spots (SCUDDER & CANNINGS, 2006).399New records of Diptera for Lampedusa IslandMUSCIDAEMuscina levida (Harris, 1780)Lampedusa, loc. Albero Sole, 14.IV.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: East Palaearctic, Near East (Asian Turkey, Caucasian Russ-ian republics, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan,Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Arabian peninsula, Iran, Iraq) and Nearctic region(PONT, 2007); Italy: Italian mainland (PONT, 1995).Notes: this species is new for the Sicilian fauna. Flies of the genus Mus-cina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 are characterized by having slightly curvedm1+2 vein, bare pteropleuron, and a long bristle on posterodorsal surface ofhind tibia (PONT, 1986). The genus is small, containing only seven describedHolarctic species (PONT, 1986). At least the last larval instar of Muscina is car-nivorous (SEVCIK, 2001). Amongst the recorded larval pabula of M. levida,fungi figure most prominently (SKIDMORE, 1985).Coenosia tigrina (Fabricius, 1775)Lampedusa, loc. Capo Ponente, 16.II.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Casa Teresa,13.IV.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: East Palaearctic, Near East (Asian Turkey, Caucasian Russ-ian republics, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan,Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Arabian peninsula, Iran, Iraq), Nearctic region andNorth Africa (PONT, 2007); Italy: Italian mainland, Sicily (PONT, 1995).Notes: the adults visit flowers and foliage of Graminaceae (SÉGUY,1923). Life-histories are poorly known for the tribe Coenosiini. Larvae ofsome genera are aquatic or subaquatic, some (a few Lispocephala Pokorny,1893 and Coenosia Meigen, 1826) breed in decaying wood, but the majorityof coenosiine larvae probably live in the soil. All Coenosiinae larvae are like-ly to be predaceous on tiny invertebrates in the substrate. CALLIPHORIDAECalliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Lampedusa, loc. Isola dei Conigli, 19.I.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Casa Teresa,16.II.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Capo Ponente, 16.II.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S.Pisciotta; loc. Cala Pulcino, 17.III.2007, 2 specimens, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Isola dei Conigli,17.III.2007, 2 specimens, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Casa Teresa, 13.IV.2007, 2 specimens, leg. S.Pisciotta; loc. Isola dei Conigli, 15.IV.2007, 2 specimens, leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: worldwide (ROGNES, 2007), entire Europe, Asia, Canary400 S. PISCIOTTA, P. ZITO, M. SAJEVA & A. RASPIIslands, Nearctic Region, secondarily following man into other regions(SCHUMAN, 1986); Italy: Italian mainland, Sicily, Sardinia (ROGNES, 1995).Notes: this species is widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic Region.It is the commonest fly in urban areas in Northern Europe. The adults visit flow-ers, feces and dead animal bodies to obtain nourishment. Species of CalliphoraRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830 are among the first insects to arrive on dead bodies,including humans, and are therefore of great significance in forensic medicine.In Europe, C. vicina is a very common urban species of fly closely associated withman. Usually larvae develop on carrion (ROGNES, 1998). A C. vicina female canlay up to 300 eggs, either in small groups or as a single batch, in carrion or inwounds. First-instar larvae hatch within one day’s time or less. Under warm andotherwise favorable conditions the larvae feed for 3–4 days. The puparium isformed approximately 2–3 days later and lasts at least one week. The time ittakes to develop into an adult insect depends on temperature; at 27 °C it takesabout 18 days. Adult Calliphoridae females lay eggs on fresh cadavers immedi-ately after death under favorable conditions (DELHAES et al., 2001).SARCOPHAGIDAEBlaesoxipha (Servaisia) erythrura (Meigen, 1826) Lampedusa, loc. Isola dei Conigli, 16.II.2007, 1 specimen, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Isola deiConigli, 13.III.2007, 3 specimens, leg. S. Pisciotta; loc. Albero Sole, 14.IV.2007, 1 specimen,leg. S. PisciottaDistribution: Europe, Asia (VERVES, 1986); Italy: N S (VENTURI, 1960b;PAPE, 1995)Notes: Paleartic species of the genus Blaesoxipha are obligate insect par-asitoids attacking grasshoppers and tenebrionid beetles (PAPE, 1998). Thegenus Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 with Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 andSarcophaga Meigen, 1826 are the Sarcophaginae lineages reaching farthestnorth into the cold temperate parts of the Nearctic Region, and they are alsothe only (non-introduced) Sarcophaginae lineages occurring in the old world(PAPE, 1998). The adults of B. erythrura visit flowers (PAPE, 1998).Acknowledgements— We would like to thank the Director G. Nicolini and the staff of Riser-va Naturale Orientata Isola di Lampedusa for the assistance and the logistic support. The researchwas supported by funding of Università di Palermo (Fondi di Ateneo).REFERENCESAGNESI V. & FEDERICO C., 1995 — Aspetti geografico-fisici e geologici di Pantelleria e delle IsolePelagie (Canale di Sicilia). 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In Pape T., 2007 Fauna Europaea: Diptera:Brachycera. — Fauna Europaea version 1.3, http://www.faunaeur.orgDELHAES L., BOUREL B., SCALA L., MUANZA B., DUTOIT E., WATTEL F., GOSSET D., CAMUS D. & DEI-CAS E., 2001 — Case report: recovery of Calliphora vicina first-instar larvae from ahuman traumatic wound associated with a progressive necrotizing bacterial infection— Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 64: 159–161.GORODKOV K. B., 1986 — Family Scathophagidae. - Pp. 11–41 in: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds), Cata-logue of Palaearctic Diptera, Budapest, 11.GORODKOV K. B., 1995 — Scathophagidae. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds), Checklistdelle specie della fauna italiana, 77. — Calderini, Bologna.LO CASCIO P., 2002 — Artropodi terrestri: rassegna faunistica e zoogeografica. Storia naturale delleisole Pelagie - Pp. 69-78 in: Corti C., Lo Cascio P., Masseti M. & Pasta S. (a cura di),Storia Naturale delle Isole Pelagie. — L’Epos, Palermo.MASSA B. 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In: Papp L. & Darvas B.(eds), Contributions to a Manu-al of Palaearctic Diptera — Science Herald, Budapest, 3: 617-648.402 S. PISCIOTTA, P. ZITO, M. SAJEVA & A. RASPIROGNES K., 2007 — Fauna Europea: Diptera, Calliphoridae. In: Pape T., Fauna Europaea: Diptera:Brachycera. — Fauna Europaea version 1.3, http://www.faunaeur.orgROZKOSNY R., 1995 — Anthomyiidae. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds). Checklist dellespecie della fauna italiana, 77. — Calderini, Bologna.SCHUMAN H., 1986 — Family Calliphoridae. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds), Catalogue of PalaearcticDiptera. — Budapest, 12: 11-58.SEVCIK J., 2001 —Diptera (excluding Mycetophilidae s. str.) associated with fungi in Czech and Slo-vak Republics: a survey of rearing records from 1998-2000 — Acta Universitatis Car-olinae Biologica, 45: 157-168.SÉGUY E., 1923 — Diptères Anthomyides. Faune de France.- Paul Lechevalier, Paris, 393 pp.SCUDDER G.G.E. & CANNINGS R.A., 2006 — The Diptera Families of British Columbia —http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bcdipteraSKIDMORE P., 1985 — The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Pp. 1- 550 in: Spencer K.A. (ed.)Series Entomologica, 29. —W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecth.SOOS A., 1984 — Family Trixoscelididae. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds), Catalogue of PalaearcticDiptera. — Budapest, 10: 45-48.VENTURI F., 1960a — Diptera. Pp. 342-349 in: ZAVATTARI E., Biogeografia delle isole Pelagie —Rend. Acc. Naz. Dei XL, Roma, ser. IV, 11.VENTURI F., 1960b — Sistematica e geonemia dei sarcofagidi (excl. Sarcophaga Meig. s. l.) italiani(Diptera). — Frustula entomologica, 2 (7): 1-124, 63 figs.VERVES Y. G., 1986 — Family Sarcophagidae. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds), Catalogue of PalaearcticDiptera. — Budapest, 12: 58–194.WOZNICA A., 2007 — Fauna Europaea: Trixoscelididae. In Pape T., Fauna Europaea: Diptera:Brachycera. — Fauna Europaea version 1.3, http://www.faunaeur.orgAuthors’ address—S. PISCIOTTA, P. ZITO, M. SAJEVA, Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche del-l’Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 38 - 90123 Palermo (I); correspondig author: M. Sajeva, email:sajeva@unipa.it. A. RASPI, Dipartimento di Coltivazione e Difesa delle Specie Legnose “G. Scara-muzzi”, sezione Entomologia Agraria, Università di Pisa, Via San Michele degli Scalzi - 56124 Pisa(I); email: araspi@agr.unipi.it403New records of Diptera for Lampedusa Island

New Records of Diptera for Lampedusa island

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New Records of Diptera for Lampedusa island

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Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Palermo