The aim of the study is to characterise the somatic and obstetric and gynaecological anamnesis, as well as to assess the features of pregnancy, childbirth and newborns’ condition in women with breech presentation.
Materials and methods. The medical documents of 2980 patients with breech presentation in the period from 2022 to 2024 by materials of the Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Zaporizhzhia Regional Clinical Children’s Hospital” of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Council were analysed. The study group included 65 histories of pregnancy and childbirth (primary accounting documentation form No. 096/o) and 68 newborn medical records (primary accounting documentation form No. 097/o). The used research methods were data from: obstetric, gynaecological, and somatic history; management of pregnancy, childbirth, initial assessment of newborns; results of newborn observation during their stay in the department of the hospital.
Results. When analysing medical records, breech presentation was diagnosed in 65 pregnant women (2.2 %). In 60 women with breech presentation, the delivery ended in a caesarean section (92.3 %), and in 5 (7.7 %) women with breech presentation, the delivery went through the natural birth canal. In the case of breech presentation, which accounted for 73.3 %, all pregnant women were delivered by caesarean section (88.6 % as planned, 11.4 % as urgent due to fetal distress). Other indications for caesarean section included: breech presentation of the first fetus in multiple pregnancy, uterine scar after caesarean section, pelvic ring deformity, HIV infection with a high viral load and premature detachment of a normally located placenta.
Conclusions. When analysing the anamnesis of women with breech presentation, the vast majority of extragenital pathology (76.9 %) was cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. An analysis of the course of gestation in women with breech presentation revealed that 40 % had such pregnancy complications as hypertensive disorders, pre- and post-eclampsia, anaemia, fetal distress, and premature rupture of membranes. Complications of the perinatal period accounted for 30.9 % (neonatal jaundice, congenital infections and parasitic diseases, neonatal encephalopathy, prematurity, etc.)
