The integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels and thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in a hybrid energy system is a promising development in renewable energy technology. The hybrid system is based on combining the strengths of both PV and TEG technologies to maximize energy production and efficiency. While PV panels are efficient in converting sunlight into electricity, their performance often suffers due to heat losses, especially at high temperatures. The use of TEGs addresses this challenge through the capture of waste heat produced by the PV panels and its conversion into further electrical energy by the Seebeck effect, thereby increasing the overall energy output. In this review, a systematic literature analysis has been conducted through various case studies, and simulation-based research relevant to PV-TEG hybrid systems. These were assessed based on performance metrics, design configurations, material innovations, and thermal management techniques. The review methodology includes a structured analysis of experimental studies, and numerical simulations. Sources have been selected based on relevance to system performance, material properties, and design innovations. This analysis highlights that PV-TEG hybrid systems can enhance overall energy conversion efficiency by 10–20% in optimized configurations. It is seen that power output improved with bismuth telluride-based modules, enhanced cooling using heat sinks and phase change materials, and better power tracking using intelligent MPPT algorithms. Thus, it is crucial to pay more attention to thermal management, material selection, and system design in order to optimize PV-TEG hybrid systems. Proper thermal management enhances TEG performance, and there are efficiency gains concerning the PV panels under all environments. Advanced heat sink design with high-performance thermal interface materials can significantly enhance both energy conversion efficiency and heat dissipation. It is observed that PV-TEG systems can reduce reliance on conventional energy sources, offering more sustainable and efficient alternatives to power generation. Challenges with material compatibility, cost, and scalability remain major barriers to the practical implementation of these systems, and continued research into finding cost-effective materials and innovative system designs will be necessary. In future studies, the focus should be put on the discovery of new thermoelectric materials and scaling up the techniques involved in system integration. PV-TEG hybrid systems would then be a far better choice for the world's global energy crisis
