A causal investigation of aggregate output fluctuations in India

Abstract

This article is an attempt to understand the causal factors behind fluctuations in aggregate output. We find an absence of bidirectional causality between the gross domestic product residual and the gross domestic capital formation residual as well as between the GDP residual and the residual of the combined expenditures of the central and state governments, while the causality between the balance of trade residual and GDP residual is weakly unidirectional.Business Cycles; Hodrick-Prescott filter; Granger Causality;