خلال الفترة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2015 ولغاية نهاية شهر آذار 2016 فحصت 218 سمكة خشنيPlaniliza abuمن نهر الفرات وشبكة مبازل بابل في &nbsp;مدينة الحلة محافظة بابل،في مختبر الكلية التقنية المسيب،&nbsp; تم تسجيل نوعين من جنس Vorticella لأول مرة في العراق من جلد وغلاصم سمكة الخشني P. abuوهما:&nbsp; Vorticella globulariaMüller, 1773 و Vorticella costata(Sommer, 1951) . أعطيت المواصفات وقياساتهما.During the period from November 2015 till the end of March 2016, a total of 218 fish specimens belonging to Planiliza abu &nbsp;&nbsp;from Euphrates River at Al-Hilla city&nbsp; and the Babil drainage networkBabylon province were inspected for parasites at Laboratory at the Al-Musaib Technical College. Two Vorticella were recorded for the first time in Iraq from skin and gills of P. abu. These were:Vorticella globulariaMüller, 1773 and&nbsp; Vorticella costata(Sommer, 1951). The description and measurement of this parasite as well as their measurements&nbsp; were give

Al-Musawi, Akeel Mohammad Kadim

Al-Rubaie, Abdul-Razzak L.

English

Journals of University of Babylon

Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 313  The First Record of Two  Species of Protozoa: Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773 and Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951) from Planiliza abu  in the Babylon Province, Iraq  Akeel Mohammad Kadim Al-Musawi        College of Veterinary Medicine, The Green University of Al-Qasim/Department of Biological Control Technology,  Abdul-Razzak L. Al-Rubaie Al-Musaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University akeelmka1@yahoo.com            a_l_al_rubaie@yahoo.com Abstract      During the period from November 2015 till the end of March 2016, a total of 218 fish specimens belonging to Planiliza abu   from Euphrates River at Al-Hilla city  and the Babil drainage network Babylon province were inspected for parasites at Laboratory at the Al-Musaib Technical College. Two Vorticella were recorded for the first time in Iraq from skin and gills of P. abu. These were: Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773 and  Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951). The description and measurement of this parasite as well as their measurements  were given.   Keyword: Vorticella globularia,  Vorticella costata,  Protozoa,  Planiliza abu.      الخالصة من   Planiliza abu سمكة خشني 502 تفحص 5102 آذارولغاية نهاية شهر  5102من شهر تشرين الثاني  الفترةخالل         جنس  تم تسجيل نوعين من في مختبر الكمية التقنية المسيب،   ،محافظة بابل مدينة الحمة في نهر الفرات وشبكة مبازل بابل Vorticella ول مرة في العراق من جمد وغالصم سمكة الخشني ألP. abu   :وهماVorticella globularia Müller, 1773  وVorticella costata (Sommer, 1951)  .وقياساتهماالمواصفات  أعطيت .    بتدايية، سمكة الخشني.االحيوانات ال، فورتيسال كوستاتا، كموبيوالريا فورتيسيال الكممات المفتاحية:Introduction       Planiliza abu  (Heckel, 1843) is a Mugiuilid fish, synonyms (Abukhraiza or Khishni)  and inhabits: Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Iran, (Mahdi, 1967; Coad, 1980) and Turkey (Kuru, 1979). It is found in rivers, streams, drains, channels, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and fish farms of Iraq and neighboring countries (Al-Zubaidy, 2009). The species commonest in freshwaters (Beckman, 1962 and Naama et al., 1986) but it has also been recorded in Iraqi brackish water and from the Khawr-Alzubeir  in a marine environment (Nasir and Naama, 1988). Fishes can be infected with two types of diseases: infectious and non-infectious diseases (Roberts, 1978). Non infectious diseases are caused by abiotic factors like chemical, mechanical and physical changes. These diseases are called environmental diseases (Bauer et al., 1969 and Roberts, 1978). Infectious diseases are caused by biotic factors such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Parasites cause a decrease in fish resistance to other diseases and can be exposed to secondary infections like bacterial and fungal diseases (Olsen, 1974 and Johnsen, 1978). Protozoan parasites undoubtedly comprise one of the most important groups of pathogens negatively influencing the wellbeing of both cultured and feral fish, They have not received much attention, because of the technical difficulties inherent in their study in comparison to the much larger helminthes parasites (Lom and Dykova, 1992). Infections by sessile peritrichs such as Ambiphrya and Vorticella Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 313  are common in many cultured fishes (Basson and Van As, 2006). Vorticella L. was the earliest genus name in use for a peritrich and is one of the most common and important groups of ciliates, inhabiting all marine, freshwater and terrestrial biotopes (Corliss, 1979; Warren, 1986;  Foissner et al., 1992;; Sun et al., 2005 and Lynn, 2008). The genus belongs to the family Vorticellidae, a morphologically distinct group within the subclass Peritrichia. Vorticella was erected by Linnaeus (1767) to include microscopic animalcules” with a stalk of some sort and a bell-shaped body crowned with a large oral area surrounded by cilia. Nekuie Fard et al. (2011) observed Vertocella similis on gill  and legs of Astacus leptodactylus in Aras Reservoir West Azarbaijan, Iran. Reda (2011) found Vorticella spp. form skin of fish Sarotherodon galilaeus in Nile river, Egypt. Guguloth et al. (2013) observed this parasite Vorticella sp. on skin and gill of Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella in Bheries of West Bengal, India. Kayış  et al. (2013) notice Vorticella sp. On gill of of Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum  in Turkey. Abdel-Baki et al. (2014) find Vorticella spp. on skin, fins and gill of in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) form farms in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.  Dash et al. (2015)  recorded this parasite Vorticella sp. on skin and gill of C. carpio and C. idella in West Bengal, India. Al-Salmany (2015) reported this parasite.Vorticella sp. in skin of in P. abu  and Cyprinion macrostomum in Euphrates river, Iraq. The present article reports the occurred of additional two ciliphora to the parasitic fauna of freshwater fishes of Iraq.  Materials and Methods        A total of  218 P. abu fresh water fish were collected from the Euphrates River at Hilla city, Babylon province and Babil drainage network. During the period from November 2015 till the end of March 2016.   The collected fish were transported to the laboratory in tank with good aeration. They were kept alive until required in aerated glass aquaria. At  laboratory the Al-Musaib Technical College, The collected fish represent  P. abu. fish skin, fins and gills were firstly examined by the naked eye for detection of any macroscopically visible lesions. Samples of mucus were scraped gently from the skin, fins and gills, then spread on a clean slide and freshly examined under phase-contrast microscope for the presence of ectoparasitic protozoans. Parasite imaging by microcope camera. Parasites identification were done according to some major taxonomical references (Warren, 1986).   Results and Discussion     The inspection of the fishes from the Euphrates River at Al-Hilla city and Babil drainage network  revealed the occurrence, two Vorticella  were recorded for the first time in Iraq. These were: Species  Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951) and  Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773 of the family Vorticellidae. The following is a brief description of these parasites. Diagram showing classification of the parasites of P. abu of the present study. Subkingdom: Protozoa Goldfuss, 1818 emend, von Siebold, 1845    Phylum: Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 Class: Oligohymenophora de Puytorac et al., 1 974    Subclass: Peritrichia Stein, 1859 Order: Peritrichida Stein, 1859  Suborder: Sessilina Kahl, 1933 Family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838  Genus: Vorticella Linnaeus, 1 767 Species Vorticella  globularia Müller, 1773 Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 313  Species Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951) Foissner, 1979 Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773      This parasite was reported from skin and gills of  P. abu of the present study. Diagnosis. The ciliated Protozoan Vorticella  globularia Müller, 1773 was found on gills and skin,  161-163 µm long  by 151-156 µm wide, spherical in shape with narrow peristomial lip; pellicular striations not visible; stalk up to 1002 µm long (Fig.1). Habtat. Freshwater, forms pseudocolonies; occasionally epibiotic. The measurement of present parasite are in agreement with (Warren, 1986).  Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951) Foissner, 1979      This parasite was reported from skin and gills of P. abu of the present study.    Diagnosis.  This species was obtained from the gills and skin, 21-27 µm long  by 16-19 µm wide and constricted below peristomial lip which measures 14 µm across; disc convex; infundibulum extends to one-third body length; contractile vacuole situated just below peristome and empties into ventral wall of infundibulum; macronucleus C-shaped and lies transversely across centre of zooid; pellicle has concave ribbing between distinct, widely spaced striations; stalk up to 151 µm long; telotroch pyriform with prominent epistomial membrane (Fig. 2).The measurement of present parasite are in agreement with Warren (1986). Members of the genus Vorticella are characterised by having a single Protozoa with a retractile stalk and ribbon-shaped macronucleus (Viljoeni and Van As, 1987). The present reported species conforms well to the genus characters. Vorticella,  however, is a mostly free-living Ciliophoran but, when fish are stressed by adverse environmental conditions, this free-living Ciliophoran becomes a facultative ectoparasite (Basson and Van As, 2006; El-Tantawy and El-Sherbiny, 2010). The record of two Vorticella spp. represents the first record of this parasite  in P. abu as well as the first record of the two species of Vorticella from fishes of Iraq.   References      Abdel-Baki, A. S.; Gewik, M. M. and  Al-Quraishy, S. (2014). First records of Ambiphrya and Vorticella spp. (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Saud. J. Biol. Sci., 21: 520–523. Al-Salmany, S. O. (2015). Parasitic infections of some fish species from Euphrates River at Al-Qaim city, Al-Anbar province. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Tikrit: 193 pp. (In Arabic).  Al-Zubaidy, A. B. (2009). Prevalence and densities of Contracaecum sp. larvae in Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) from different Iraqi water bodies. J. King Abdulaziz Univ. Mar. Sci., 20: 3-17. Basson, L. and Van As, J. (2006). Trichodinidae and other Ciliophorans (Phylum: Ciliophora). In: Woo, P.T.K. (Ed.), . In: Fish diseases and disorders. Protozoan and Metazoan infections. CABI, 1: 154–182.      Bauer, O. N.; Musselius, V. A. and Strelkov, Y. A. (1969). Diseases of pond fishes. Izdat. Kolos, Moscow. pp 220. (In Russian). Beckman, W. C. (1962). The freshwater fishes of Syria and their general biology and Management, FAO, Fisheries Biology Technical. 297p. Paper , 8. Rome; FAO.  Coad, B. W. (1980). A provisional annotated check list of the freshwater fishes of Iran, J. Bom. Nat. His. Soc., 76: 86-105. Corliss, J. O. (1979). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. 2nd ed. Pergamon Press, London, 455 pp. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 313  Dash, G.; Majumder, D. and Raghu, R. K. (2015). Seasonal distribution of parasites in freshwater exotic carps of West Bengal, India. Ind. J. anim. Res., 49 (1): 95-102. El-Tantawy, S. A. M. and  El-Sherbiny, H. A. E. (2010). Protozoan parasites infecting catfish Clarias gariepinus inhabiting Nile Delta water of the River Nile, Dakahlia province, Egypt. J. Amer. Sci., 6: 676–696. Foissner, W.; Berger, H. and Kohmann, F. (1992). Taxonomische ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems-Band II: Peritrichida, Heterotrichida, Odontostomatida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft 5/92:1–502. (in Germany).  Guguloth,  B.; Ramudu, K. R.; Subbaiah, K. and Rajesh, S. C. (2013). Prevalence of parasite diseases in carp in Bheries of west Bengal, India. Int. j. Bio.- Res. Str. Man., 4 (3): 468-474. Johnsen, B. O. (1978). The effect of an attack by the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris on the population of salmon parr in the river Lakselva, Misvaer in Northern Norway. J. Fish Biol., 11: 7-9. Kayış, S.; Balta, F.; Serezli, R. and Er, A. (2013). Parasites on different ornamental fish  species in           Turkey. J. Fish. Sci, com, 7(2): 114-120.  Kuru, M. (1979). The freshwater fish of South-Eastern Turkey (Euphrates-Tigris System). Hacettepe, Bull. Nat. Sci. Eng., 7: 105-114. Lom, J. and Dykova, I. (1992). Protozoan parasites of Fishes. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. 315 pp. Lynn, D. H. (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa. Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. 3rd ed. Springer, Dordrecht. Mahdi, N. (1967). Fishes of Iraq, Ministry of Education, Baghdad. 82 p. Naama, A. K.; Ahmed, H. A. and Al-Adhub, A. H. Y. (1986). Aspect of reproduction of the Mullet Liza abu (Heckel) (Pisces, Mugilidae) in Al-Hammar Marsh, Iraq. Cybium, 10: 47-55. Nasir, N. K. and Naama, A. K. (1988). Liza abu (Heckel), A new record from Khor Al-Zubair, North-West of the Arabian Gulf. Mahasagar, 21: 113-115. Nekuie Fard, A.; Motalebi, A.; Jalali Jafari, B.; Aghazadeh Meshgi, M.; Azadikhah, D. and Afsharnasab, M. (2011). Survey on fungal, parasites and epibionts infestation on the Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823), in Aras Reservoir West Azarbaijan, Iran. Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 10 (2): 266-275. Olsen, O. W. (1974). Animal parasites their life cycles and ecology, 3rd ed. Univ. Park Press Baltimore. 562 pp. Reda, E. S. A. (2011). A Review of some ecto and endo-protozoan parasites infecting Sarotherodon galilaeus and Tilapia zillii from Damietta branch of River Nile, Egypt. J. Amer. Sci. 7:362-373. Roberts, R. J. (1978). Fish pathology. Bail. Tin. Lon. 318 pp. Sommer, G. (1951). Die Peritrichen Ciliaten des Grossen Ploner Sees. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 44:349-440. Sun, P.; Song, W.; Clamp, J. and Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. (2005). Taxonomic characterization of Vorticella fusca Precht, 1935 and Vorticella parapulchella n. sp., two marine peritrichs (Ciliophora,  Oligohymenophorea) from China. J. Euk. Mic., 53: 348–357. Viljoeni, S. and Van As, J. G. (1987). Notes on the morphology and asexual reproductive processes of sessile Peritrichs. Hydrobiologia, 154: 75–86. Warren, A. (1986). A revision of the genus Vorticella (Ciliophora: Peritrichia). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. His., 50:1–57. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 323    Fig. 1: Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773    Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(1)/ Vol.(26): 2018 321    Fig. 2: Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951) 

The First Record of Two Species of Protozoa: Vorticella globulariaMüller, 1773 and Vorticella costata(Sommer, 1951)fromPlaniliza abu in the Babylon Province, Iraq

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The First Record of Two Species of Protozoa: Vorticella globulariaMüller, 1773 and Vorticella costata(Sommer, 1951)fromPlaniliza abu in the Babylon Province, Iraq

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