Nowadays, electromagnetics (EM) is everywhere! Although the contents of the two basic EM lectures – Field Theory and Wave Theory – have stayed almost unchanged for the last couple of decades we have witnessed the transformation from engineering EM to EM engineering for some time. Therefore, addressing technical challenges posed by electrical, electronics, communication, and computer system complexities requires a broad range of innovative, multi-disciplinary analytical and computational skills that are not adequately covered in conventional EM engineering curricula. EM engineering community, therefore, must be prepared to adapt to frequent shifts in technological priorities and rapid scientific advances, followed by rapid advances in technologies. [...

Sevgi, Levent

English

İstanbul Atlas University Institutional Repository

Turk J Elec Engin, VOL.16, NO.1 2008, c© TÜBİTAK PrefaceSpecial issue dedicated to the 75th birthday of Raj MITTRAFrom Engineering Electromagnetics TowardsElectromagnetic Engineering: Issues, Chalanges, andApplicationsLevent SEVGİElectronics and Communications Engineering Department, Doğuş University,Engineering Faculty, Zeamet Sokak, No.21, Acıbadem, Kadıköy, İstanbul-TURKEYe-mail: lsevgi@dogus.edu.tr1. IntroductionNowadays, electromagnetics (EM) is everywhere! Although the contents of the two basic EM lectures –Field Theory and Wave Theory – have stayed almost unchanged for the last couple of decades we havewitnessed the transformation from engineering EM to EM engineering for some time. Therefore, addressingtechnical challenges posed by electrical, electronics, communication, and computer system complexitiesrequires a broad range of innovative, multi-disciplinary analytical and computational skills that are notadequately covered in conventional EM engineering curricula. EM engineering community, therefore, mustbe prepared to adapt to frequent shifts in technological priorities and rapid scientific advances, followedby rapid advances in technologies. Universities and educational institutions have been actively engagedin efforts to design curricula for teaching the necessary skills to a computer-weaned generation of students,with access to the internet and consequent globalization of information. Physics-based modeling, observation-based parameterization, and computer-based simulations are the key issues of these challenges. The readermay find some details of these discussions in [1-5].Triggered by these facts and after a brief discussion with Kemal Leblebicioğlu, editor-in-chief ofELEKTRIK, we decided to bring these issues forward in ELEKTRIK Journal. I decided to take over theguest editorial of this special issue and chose the motto “From engineering EM towards EM engineering”as the title. The motto belongs to my close friend, colleague Prof. Dr. Anton Tijhuis from University ofEindhoven, The Netherlands, but I liked it very much since nothing else can better reflect the transformationin electromagnetics.This special issue is dedicated to the 75 th birthday of Raj Mittra for his pioneering work in, and out-standing contributions to the international electromagnetic community. Its focus is complex electromagneticproblems and novel approaches in the context of EM engineering. With this special issue, I aimed to honor awell-known scientist, bring international experts together in a Turkish journal and elevate its prestige, and,finally emphasize the transformation from engineering EM towards EM engineering.iTurk J Elec Engin, VOL.16, NO.1, 2008Dr. Raj MittraRaj Mittra is Professor in the Electrical Engineering departmentof the Pennsylvania State University. He is also the Director of theElectromagnetic Communication Laboratory, which is affiliated with theCommunication and Space Sciences Laboratory of the EE Department.Prior to joining Penn State he was a Professor in Electrical and ComputerEngineering at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. He is a LifeFellow of the IEEE, a Past-President of AP-S, and he has served as the Ed-itor of the Transactions of the Antennas and Propagation Society. He wonthe Guggenheim Fellowship Award in 1965, the IEEE Centennial Medal in1984, the IEEE Millennium medal in 2000, the IEEE/AP-S DistinguishedAchievement Award in 2002, the AP-S Chen-To Tai Distinguished Educa-tor Award in 2004 and the IEEE Electromagnetics Award in 2006. He hasbeen a Visiting Professor at Oxford University, Oxford, England and at theTechnical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. He has also served as the North American editor ofthe journal AEÜ.His professional interests include the areas of Communication Antenna Design, RF circuits, compu-tational electromagnetics, electromagnetic modeling and simulation of electronic packages, EMC analysis,radar scattering, frequency selective surfaces, microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits, and satelliteantennas.He has published over 900 journal and symposium papers and more than 40 books or book chapterson various topics related to electromagnetics, antennas, microwaves and electronic packaging. He also hasthree patents on communication antennas to his credit. He has supervised nearly 90 Ph.D. theses, 90 M.S.theses, and has mentored more than 50 postdocs and Visiting scholars. He has directed, as well as lecturedin, numerous short courses on Computational Electromagnetics, Electronic Packaging, Wireless antennasand Metamaterials, both nationally and internationally.Dr. Mittra has had long and strong collaboration with the Turkish EM Society. He has had manyvisits to Turkey, especially to Istanbul and Ankara and has given many interesting seminars, lectures andshort courses. The last visit, as far as I remember was in September 2006 to Gebze for EWS 2006 IVthInternational Workshop on Electromagnetic Wave Scattering . It was then when I invited him tobe the honorary guest of this special issue. He has many Turkish students, post docs and scientific visitors.Among the others I should mention Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kuzuoğlu and Dr. Özlem Özgün from Middle EastTechnical University, Prof. Dr. İrşadi Aksun from Koç University, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Funda Akleman fromIstanbul Technical University, and Assist. Prof. Dr. Gölge Öğücü from Gaziantep University.2. Papers in This IssueThe first paper belongs to Mustafa Kuzuoğlu from Middle East Technical University (Ankara/Turkey), along lasting friend and collaborator of Dr. Mittra. Dr. Kuzuoğlu, in his paper entitled “My Collaborationwith Raj Mittra: Contributions to the Theory of Perfectly Matched Layers” summarizes his collaborationwith Dr. Mittra during the last decade or so. Dr. Kuzuoğlu met Dr. Mittra back in 1995 when hevisited University of Illinois with a one-year NATO research grant. Since then, they have had a mutuallyiiSEVGİ: From Engineering Electromagnetics Towards...,beneficial, productive, highly emotional collaboration and friendship. Dr. Kuzuoğlu concludes by sayinghow proud/honored he feels by the opportunity of working and knowing Dr. Mittra.Anton G. Tijhuis, Martijn C. Van Beurden, Bastiaan P. de Hon and Hubregt J. Visser from Faculty ofElectrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (the Netherlands) propose a two-stage approachfor using computational electromagnetics in antenna engineering in their paper entitled “From EngineeringElectromagnetics to Electromagnetic Engineering: Using Computational Electromagnetics for SynthesisProblems”. They first use stochastic optimization techniques in combination with approximate models,and then combine line-search techniques with full-wave modeling. Although the paper reports a work inprogress there is an interesting, illustrative example.In the paper entitled “A Summary of Recent Developments on Metamaterial-based and Metamaterial-inspired Efficient Electrically Small Antennas”, Aycan Erentok from Technical University of Denmark, andRichard W. Ziolkowski from University of Arizona (USA) summarize their recent research efforts to realizeefficient electrically small antenna (EESA) systems based on ideal analytical and numerical metamaterial-based antenna systems, and physically realized metamaterial-inspired antenna designs. They also presentmeasurement results to confirm their numerical performance predictions. Their theoretical and numericalstudies on the radiation and resonance behaviors of the proposed metamaterial-based EESA systems, as wellas efforts to conceptualize structures which might be used to build them have led to the discovery of severalrealizable metamaterial-inspired EESA systems.Atacan Yağbasan, Celal Alp Tunç, Vakur B. Ertürk, and Ayhan Altıntaş from Bilkent University(Ankara/Turkey) and Raj Mittra from Pennsylvania State University (USA) present an integral equation(IE) based solution procedure for the rigorous analysis of scattering from terrain profiles in their paper“Use of Characteristic Basis Function Method for Scattering from Terrain Profiles”. The procedure usescharacteristic basis function method (CBFM), which is hybridized with the forward-backward method(FBM), to reduce the storage requirements of the resultant Method of Moments (MoM) impedance matrixas well as to accelerate the solution procedure. They also supply numerical results in the form of inducedcurrent and scattered field are presented to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the solution procedure.The paper “The Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM): a numerically efficient strategy forsolving large electromagnetic scattering problems” by Eugenio Lucente, Gianluigi Tiberi, Agostino Monor-chio, and GiulianoManara from University of Pisa (Italy) and Raj Mittra from Pennsylvania State University(USA) describe a numerically efficient strategy for solving large electromagnetic scattering problems. Theauthors term their novel approach as the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM). The CBFM isbased on utilizing Characteristic Basic Functions that include a relatively large number of conventional sub-domains discretized by using triangular or rectangular patches. These Characteristic Basic Functions can bederived either analytically or numerically (i.e., from PO or MoM solutions). They demonstrate the accuracyand time efficiency of the CBFM for several representative scattering problems via some numerical tests.Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) are the most effective absorbing boundary terminations in Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and Finite-Element-Method (FEM) applications. In their paper entitled“Recent Advances in Perfectly Matched Layers in Finite Element Applications”, Ozlem Ozgun and MustafaKuzuoglu from Middle East Technical University (Ankara/Turkey) present a comparative evaluation oftwo novel and practical PML implementations to the problem of mesh truncation in the finite elementmethod (FEM) with the features of simplicity and flexibility. After overviewing the theoretical bases of thesemethods, they present a few numerical results in the context of two- and three-dimensional electromagneticradiation/scattering problems.iiiTurk J Elec Engin, VOL.16, NO.1, 2008Erdem Ofli from Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG) (Switzerland), and Chung-Huan Li,Nicolas Chavannes, Niels Kuster from IT’IS Foundation, ETH Zurich (Switzerland) present an interestingpaper entitled “Analysis and Optimization of Mobile Phone Antenna Radiation Performance in the Presenceof Head and Hand Phantoms” in which they discuss mobile phone - human interaction to enlighten societyon the issue of public concern related to possible adverse health effects of mobile phones. They showthat numerical methods and enhanced FDTD tools are suitable techniques for supporting engineers in theanalysis, design and optimization of transmitters in real-world usage conditions by using a commercialclam shell phone CAD model to numerically investigate the effect of a hand phantom on mobile phoneantenna radiation performance. Their simulation results show that the grip of the hand phantom is the mostimportant parameter regarding to antenna performance. They also perform optimization using GeneticAlgorithms enhanced parameterization and hardware accelerated FDTD.The paper entitled “Dual-Band Split-Ring Antenna Designs for GSM/WLAN Applications” is pre-pared by S. Cumhur Başaran from Akdeniz University (Antalya/Turkey) and Yunus E. Erdemli from KocaeliUniversity (Turkey). They propose novel split-ring antennas (SRAs) for WLAN (2.4/5.2 GHz) and GSM(900/1800MHz) applications which provide about 2% impedance-bandwidth without a need for additionalmatching networks. They use the finite-element method based full-wave simulators for the analysis anddesign of the proposed microstrip antennas.Funda Akleman from İstanbul Technical University (Turkey), and Levent Sevgi from Doğuş Univer-sity (İstanbul/Turkey) discuss rectangular and cylindrical representations of finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method over characteristic tests and comparisons in their paper entitled “Comparison of Rectan-gular and Cylindrical FDTD representations on a Ring Resonator Problem”. They use both rectangular-and cylindrical-FDTD models of a ring resonator which they choose as a canonical structure. They calibratetheir models and codes against analytical exact solution derived in terms of cylindrical Bessel functions.They also show that rectangular-FDTD with periodic boundary condition, where the computation domainis reduced, can also be applied in modeling circular structures.AcknowledgmentI express my deep gratitude to Prof. Raj Mittra for accepting my invitation and being the honorary guestof the special issue. I would like to thank specifically to Prof. Mustafa Kuzuoğlu, who is a close collaboratorand sincere friend of Dr. Mittra, for his efforts and contributions. I would also like to thank all contributingauthors, the reviewers, and especially Prof. Kemal Leblebicioglu, editor-in-chief of ELEKTRIK who extendedhis kind invitation. Last, but by no means least, I express my appreciation to Mr. Adnan Bahadır, actinghead of the Publication Department of Scientific Journals of TUBITAK, Miss Gülnihal Ergen, journaladministrator, and Mr. Dale Allen Ross, English editor, for their efforts during the preparation of the Issuefor publication.References[1] L. Sevgi, İ. C. Göknar, ”An Intelligent Balance in Engineering Education”, IEEE Potentials Magazine, Vol. 23,No.4, pp.40-41, Oct/Nov 2004ivSEVGİ: From Engineering Electromagnetics Towards...,[2] L. Sevgi, ”Virtual Tools/Labs in Electrical Engineering Education”, ELEKTRIK, Turkish J. of ElectricalEngineering and Computer Sciences (Special issue on Electrical and Computer Engineering Education in the21st Century: Issues, Perspectives and Challenges), Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.113-127, 2006[3] L. Sevgi, ”From Engineering Electromagnetics Towards Electromagnetic Engineering”, ELECO 2007, 5th In-ternational Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa, TURKEY, Dec 5-9, 2007[4] L. Sevgi, “Electromagnetic Engineering and Teacxhing via Virtual Computer Tools”, (a half-day short course)EUROCON 2007 The International Conference on computer as a Tool, Warsaw, Poland, Sep 9-12, 2007[5] L. Sevgi, “Modeling and Simulation Strategies in Antennas and Propagation: Novel Virtual Tools”, (a half-dayshort course) EuCAP 2006, The first ESA European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Nov 6-10, 2006Nice – Francev

From engineering electromagnetics towards electromagnetic engineering: issues, chalanges and applications - preface

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From engineering electromagnetics towards electromagnetic engineering: issues, chalanges and applications - preface

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