The paper presents a new record of a rare casual alien Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. (Lamiaceae) in Poland. A small population consisting of 42 generative individuals of this species was found in May 2013 on railway embankment in Okuniowiec village near the northeastern boundary of the town of Suwałki in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland. The current distribution (according to the ATPOL cartogram grid) is given, and introduction pathways via railway transport and contaminated crop seed are recognized

Pliszko, Artur

Botanica Lithuanica

English

Jagiellonian Univeristy Repository

64A NEW POLISH RECORD OF DRACOCEPHALUM THYMIFLORUMArtur PliszkoJagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Herbarium, Kopernika Str. 31, PL-31-501 Kraków, Poland E-mail: artur.pliszko@uj.edu.plAbstractPliszko A., 2014: A new Polish record of Dracocephalum thymiflorum [Nauja Dracocephalum thymiflorum radvietė Lenkijoje]. – Both. Lith., 20(1): 64–66.The paper presents a new record of a rare casual alien Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. (Lamiaceae) in Poland. A small population consisting of 42 generative individuals of this species was found in May 2013 on railway embankment in Okuniowiec village near the northeastern boundary of the town of Suwałki in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland. The current distribution (according to the ATPOL cartogram grid) is given, and introduction pathways via railway transport and contaminated crop seed are recognized.Keywords: Dracocephalum thymiflorum, casual alien, distribution, railway lines, Lithuanian Lakeland, Po-land.Dracocephalum thymiflorum L., a representative of the family Lamiaceae, is native to Eastern Europe and Asia, being mainly distributed in European Russia, Siberia, the Caucasus and Iran, with the southwestern-most limit of its range in northeastern Bulgaria. It was introduced to eastern, central and northern parts of Eu-rope (Heywood, 1972; SHiSHkin & yuzepcHuk, 1976), northeastern Africa (the Canary Islands) (izquierdo et al., 2004) and North America (FletcHer, 1911; FaS-Set, 1941; welSH et al., 1987; wHipple, 2001; dar-bySHire, 2003), where is treated as either a casual or an established alien species. This plant usually occurs in thickets, on forest margins, pastures, arable fields, fallow lands, roadsides and railway embankments (SHiSHkin & yuzepcHuk, 1976; darbySHire, 2003). It is associated with subxerophilous ruderal communities of the class Artemisietea vulgaris Lohm. et al. ex von Rochow 1951, especially in regions that are character-ized by a continental climate (Mucina, 1989, 1997).In Poland, D. thymiflorum is considered to be a casual alien plant (ephemerophyte) with several doz-en known localities (urbiSz, 2011). It was reported for the first time as an alien weed in clover field in the town of Braniewo in 1873 by Seydler (abro-Meit et al., 1903). The highest numbers of records of D. thymiflorum were reached during two periods: 1873–1914 and 1946–1989, and since 1989 there has been a lack of recording (urbiSz, 2011).In May 2013, a small colony of this species was discovered on railway embankment in Okuniowiec village (Podlaskie Voivodeship) in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland (NE Poland). This site lies near the northeastern boundary of the town of Suwałki, where a railway line (between Poland and Lithuania) crosses a road to Okuniowiec settlement. The historical records of D. thymiflorum in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland are known from the town of Gołdap, where it was found in 1878 and 1891 (abroMeit et al., 1903). Distribution of D. thymiflo-rum in Poland has only occasional character and is presented in Fig. 1 according to the ATPOL carto-gram grid (Zając, 1978). Currently, there are twenty six 10 km square cartogram units, which include mostly historical sites of this species. In comparison BOTANICA LITHUANICA  2014, 20(1): 64–66ISSN 2029-932X10.2478/botlit-2014-000865A new Polish record of Dracocephalum thymiflorumto the occurrence of two other casual aliens of the genus Dracocephalum in Poland (i.e. D. moldavicum L. and D. parviflorum Nutt.), D. thymiflorum is the most fre-quent (urbiSz, 2011).Fig. 1. Distribution of Dracocephalum thymiflorum in Poland within 10 km square units of the ATPOL cartogram grid:  – the earliest known record in Poland,  – the earliest known record in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland (abroMeit et al., 1903);  – localities listed by urbiSz (2011);  – new localityThe newly discovered population of D. thymiflorum consists of 42 generative individuals dispersed over a few square meters along the railway embankment. This site is occupied by vascular plants typical to synanthropic and semi-natural vegetation with dominance of ruderal species (Table 1). Some of these belong to established alien plants in the flora of Poland, i.e. Artemisia absin-thium, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Conyza canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Papaver argemone, P. dubium, Sene-cio vernalis, and Viola arvensis (tokarSka-Guzik et al., 2012). The persistence and spread of D. thymiflorum in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland should be monitored, because this plant is locally established in Lithuania (Gudžinskas, 1998).Introduction pathways of D. thymiflorum into the territory of Poland are not clearly distinguished, however, this plant had often been seen on railway embankments and clover fields (urbiSz, 2011), sug-gesting two unintentional types of anthropochory. Presumably, diaspores of D. thymiflorum were trans-ported by trains as the stowaways due to the devel-opment of international railway tracks (agochory) were occasionally delivered with contaminated crop seeds imported from Eastern Europe (speirochory). The importance of railway lines for the spread of this species was pointed out by JeHlík & doStálek (2008) and rutkovSka et al. (2013). Introduction of D. thymiflorum by contaminated clover seeds, on the other hand, was observed in the former East and West Prussia (abroMeit et al., 1903). Moreover, it should be mentioned that Bojňanský & FarGašová (2007) described this plant as a species recently in-troduced with cereals and clover to the Carpathians. In conclusion, D. thymiflorum most likely was intro-duced to Okuniowiec village from Lithuania via rail-way transport.Flowering specimens of D. thymiflorum collected in Okuniowiec village were deposited at the Herbari-um of the Institute of Botany of Jagiellonian Univer-sity in Kraków (KRA).Table 1. Phytosociological characteristics of plant community with Dracocephalum thymiflorum (names of species follow Mirek et al. (2002); diagnostic species of syntaxonomical classes follow Mucina (1997); cover-abundance estimation after the standard Braun-Blanquet method)Location Okuniowiec villageDate 14 May 2013Latitude 54º6′50.70″ NLongitude 22º58′15.24″ EAltitude 161 m a.s.l.Area of relevé 2 m × 3 mCover of herb layer 60%Cover of moss layer 20%Number of species 23ChCl. Artemisietea vulgarisOenothera biennis 3, Dracocephalum thymiflorum 2, Artemisia absinthium 1, Anthemis tinctoria +, Artemisia vulgaris +, Berteroa incana +ChCl. Stellarietea mediaeCapsella bursa-pastoris 1, Convolvulus arvensis 1, Conyza canadensis 1, Viola arvensis +ChCl. Koelerio-CorynephoreteaCerastium semidecandrum 2, Potentilla argentea 1, Papaver dubium s. str. +ChCl. Molinio-ArrhenathereteaArrhenatherum elatius s. str. +, Festuca rubra s. str. +ChCl. Festuco-BrometeaArtemisia campestris 1, Galium verum s. str. 1, Medicago falcata 1Others: Senecio vernalis 2, Arenaria serpyllifolia 1, Echium vulgare 1, Papaver argemone 1, Lactuca serriola +66pliSzko a.REFERENCESabroMeit J., neuHoFF w., SteFFen H., 1903: Flora von Ost- und Westpreussen, 2(26–43). – Berlin – Königsberg.Bojňanský V., FarGašová a., 2007: Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora. The Carpathian Mountains Region. – Dordrecht.darbySHire S. J., 2003: Inventory of Canadian Agri-cultural Weeds. – Ottawa.FaSSet n. c., 1941: Dracocephalum thymiflorum in Ontario. – Torreya, 41(2): 57.FletcHer e. F., 1911: Dracocephalum thymiflorum a casual Plant at Westford, Massachusetts. – Rho-dora, 13(154): 212.Gudžinskas Z., 1998: Conspectus of alien plant spe-cies of Lithuania. 6. Lamiaceae, Scrophulariace-ae. – Botanica Lithuanica, 4(2): 119–135.Heywood v. H., 1972: Dracocephalum L. – In: tutin t. G., Heywood v. H., burGeS n. a., Moore d. M., valentine d. H., walterS S. M., webb d. a. (eds), Flora Europaea, 3: 161. – Cam-bridge – New York – Oakleigh.izquierdo i., Martín J. l., zurita n., arecHava-leta  M. (eds), 2004: Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas y animales terres-tres). – La Laguna.JeHlík v., doStálek J., 2008: Influence of railway transport in the South-East of Slovakia on forma-tion of adventive flora in Central Europe. – Bio-diversity: Research and Conservation, 11–12: 27–32.Mirek z., Piękoś-Mirkowa H., Zając a., Zając M., 2002: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Po-land. – In: Mirek z. (ed.), Biodiversity of Poland, 1: 1–442. – Kraków.Mucina l., 1989: Syntaxonomy of the Onopordum acanthium communities in temperate and conti-nental Europe. – Vegetatio, 81(1–2): 107–115.Mucina l., 1997: Conspectus of classes of European vegetation. – Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxo-nomica, 32(2): 117–172.rutkovSka S., Pučka i., evartS-bunderS p., paidere J., 2013: The role of railway lines in the distribution of alien plant species in the territory of Daugavpils City (Latvia). – Estonian Journal of Ecology, 62(3): 212–225.SHiSHkin b. k., yuzepcHuk S. v. (eds), 1976: Flora of the U.S.S.R. Labiatae, 20. – Jerusalem.tokarSka-Guzik b., daJdok z., Zając M., Zając  a., urbiSz a., danielewicz w., Hołdyński c., 2012: Rośliny obcego pochodzenia w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gatunków in-wazyjnych. – Warszawa.urbiSz a., 2011: Occurrence of temporarily-intro-duced alien plant species (ephemerophytes) in Poland – scale and assessment of the phenom-enon. – Katowice.welSH S. l., atwood n. d., GoodricH S., HiG-GinS l. c. (eds), 1987: A Utah Flora. – Great Ba-sin Naturalist Memoirs, 9: 1–894.wHipple J. J., 2001: Annotated checklist of exotic vascular plants in Yellowstone National Park. – Western North American Naturalist, 61(3): 336–346.Zając a., 1978: Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL). – Taxon, 27(5–6): 481–484.NAUjA DRACOCEPHALUM THYMIFLORUM radvietė LenkijojeArtur PliszkoSantraukaMaža Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. populiaci-ja buvo aptikta 2013 m. gegužę ant geležinkelio py-limo Okuniovieco kaime (Podlasko vaivadija) neto-li šiaurrytinės Suvalkų miesto ribos (ŠR Lenkija). Ši reta atsitiktinė svetimkraštė rūšis šiuo metu kons-tatuota dvidešimt šešiuose 10 kvadratinių kilometrų dydžio ATPOL kartografinio tinklelio vienetuose. Į Okuniovieco kaimą D. thymiflorum greičiausiai pa-teko netyčia su geležinkeliu gabenamais kroviniais iš Lietuvos.

A new Polish record of Dracocephalum thymiflorum

Abstract
                Pliszko A., 2014: A new Polish record of Dracocephalum thymiflorum [Nauja Dracocephalum thymiflorum radvietė Lenkijoje]. - Both. Lith., 20(1): 64-66. 
               The paper presents a new record of a rare casual alien Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. (Lamiaceae) in Poland. A small population consisting of 42 generative individuals of this species was found in May 2013 on railway embankment in Okuniowiec village near the northeastern boundary of the town of Suwałki in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland. The current distribution (according to the ATPOL cartogram grid) is given, and introduction pathways via railway transport and contaminated crop seed are recognized</jats:p

Artur Pliszko

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A New Polish Record of Dracocephalum Thymiflorum

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A new Polish record of Dracocephalum thymiflorum

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