Group Perspective: Group Structure and Effectiveness of Quality Control Circles in Hospitals

Abstract

[[abstract]]目標：探討台北地區區域級以上醫院之品管圈團體結構（團體規模、團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力）與團體效能之相關性。方法：採橫斷式問卷調查法，台北地區已推行品管圈之醫院共19家，有16家醫院品管圈圈員同意接受調查，共收集263個有效品管圈樣本，包括1,914位品管圈圈員，團體回收率達86.80%。以團體為分析單位，每個團體內的個人層級之資料將聚合代表該團體的分數，以內部相關係數(Intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs), eta squared (η^2)，及單因子變異數分析(one-way analysis of variance)檢定，確定個人層級資料可聚合後代表團體層級之資料，再以迴歸模式進行四個與團體相關之研究假說檢定。結果：團體合作規範、團體任務規範、團體任務凝聚力與團體效能呈正相關之三個假說獲得支持，共解釋51%團體效能的變異量，但團體規模與團體效能則無顯著的正相關，該假說未獲支持。結論：品管圈具有較高的團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力的特質時，會有較好的績效表現，因此建議未來可積極建立團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力來促進良好的團體互動，以提昇團體效能。 Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between group structures (group size, cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion) and group effectiveness of the quality circles of hospitals in Taipei area. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted for data collection. Two hundred and sixty-three quality circle groups with 1,914 individuals from the 16 of the 19 hospitals in the Taipei area were enrolled for analysis. The groups' response rate was 86.8%. Because the unit for analysis was the quality circle group, the aggregated individual-level data in a single group were used as the representative values for the group. Results of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Eta-squared (η^2), and one-way analysis of variance showed that aggregated individual-level data were capable of representing the group level data. Multiple regression analysis was adopted to test four hypotheses. Results: Groups with higher levels of cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion had greater feeling of group effectiveness as perceived by the members. In spite of this group size was not considerably associated with group effectiveness. The cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion accounted for 51% of the variance in group effectiveness. Conclusions: It was concluded that the group members having better feeling of cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion demonstrated highe